Noise-Induced Thermalization in Quantum Systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dambal, Sameer, Zhang, Yu, Bittner, Eric R, Hosur, Pavan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Dambal, Sameer
Zhang, Yu
Bittner, Eric R
Hosur, Pavan
author_facet Dambal, Sameer
Zhang, Yu
Bittner, Eric R
Hosur, Pavan
contents In the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era, noise is widely regarded as the primary obstacle to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, certain stages of the quantum computing pipeline can, in fact, benefit from this noise. In this work, we exploit the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis to show that noise generically accelerates a fundamental task in quantum computing -- the preparation of Gibbs states. We demonstrate this behavior using classical and quantum simulations with Haar-random and phase-flip noise, respectively, on a spin-1/2 chain with a local Hamiltonian. Our non-integrable model sees ~3.5x faster thermalization in the presence of noise, while our integrable model, which would not otherwise thermalize, reaches a thermal state due to noise. Since certifying a local Gibbs state is relatively easy on a quantum computer, our approach provides a new practical solution to a key problem in quantum computing. More broadly, these results establish a new paradigm in which noise can be harnessed on quantum computers, enabling practical advantages before the years of fault-tolerance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14842
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Noise-Induced Thermalization in Quantum Systems
Dambal, Sameer
Zhang, Yu
Bittner, Eric R
Hosur, Pavan
Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
In the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era, noise is widely regarded as the primary obstacle to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, certain stages of the quantum computing pipeline can, in fact, benefit from this noise. In this work, we exploit the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis to show that noise generically accelerates a fundamental task in quantum computing -- the preparation of Gibbs states. We demonstrate this behavior using classical and quantum simulations with Haar-random and phase-flip noise, respectively, on a spin-1/2 chain with a local Hamiltonian. Our non-integrable model sees ~3.5x faster thermalization in the presence of noise, while our integrable model, which would not otherwise thermalize, reaches a thermal state due to noise. Since certifying a local Gibbs state is relatively easy on a quantum computer, our approach provides a new practical solution to a key problem in quantum computing. More broadly, these results establish a new paradigm in which noise can be harnessed on quantum computers, enabling practical advantages before the years of fault-tolerance.
title Noise-Induced Thermalization in Quantum Systems
topic Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14842