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Main Authors: Stricker, Jonas, Gaul, Konstantin, Fischer, Paul, Arndt, Lennard M., Kraus, Florian, Krug, David, Renisch, Dennis, Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand, Schweikhard, Lutz, Velten, Jean, Düllmann, Christoph E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14924
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author Stricker, Jonas
Gaul, Konstantin
Fischer, Paul
Arndt, Lennard M.
Kraus, Florian
Krug, David
Renisch, Dennis
Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand
Schweikhard, Lutz
Velten, Jean
Düllmann, Christoph E.
author_facet Stricker, Jonas
Gaul, Konstantin
Fischer, Paul
Arndt, Lennard M.
Kraus, Florian
Krug, David
Renisch, Dennis
Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand
Schweikhard, Lutz
Velten, Jean
Düllmann, Christoph E.
contents Multiply charged actinide molecules provide a unique platform to study fundamental physics and the chemical bond under extreme conditions. Beyond the inherently large relativistic effects associated with a high proton number $Z$, an increased molecular charge can further enhance the electronic sensitivity to symmetry-violating nuclear effects, including nuclear Schiff moments. Experimental investigations of multiply charged actinide molecules are challenging because the high charges severely destabilize chemical bonds, leading to spontaneous Coulomb explosion. We demonstrate a method to systematically generate and detect molecular ions at the edge of chemical stability. By applying high-fluence laser ablation to a depleted uranium metal foil, we produce atomic uranium ions U$^{z+}$ and uranium monoxide cations UO$^{z+}$ with $z = 1$--4. Among them, we observe UO$^{3+}$ and UO$^{4+}$, which exhibit comparatively simple electronic structures and are therefore promising for precision spectroscopy. The experiments are supported by relativistic density functional theory calculations of equilibrium bond lengths, charge distributions, and binding energies of all observed molecules. Calculations of symmetry-violating properties suggest a pronounced sensitivity of UO$^{3+}$ to hadronic $CP$ violation. This approach opens a pathway for high-precision investigations of fundamental symmetries and the exploration of relativistic actinide chemistry in previously inaccessible regimes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14924
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multiply charged uranium monoxide as a versatile probe of fundamental physics
Stricker, Jonas
Gaul, Konstantin
Fischer, Paul
Arndt, Lennard M.
Kraus, Florian
Krug, David
Renisch, Dennis
Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand
Schweikhard, Lutz
Velten, Jean
Düllmann, Christoph E.
Chemical Physics
Multiply charged actinide molecules provide a unique platform to study fundamental physics and the chemical bond under extreme conditions. Beyond the inherently large relativistic effects associated with a high proton number $Z$, an increased molecular charge can further enhance the electronic sensitivity to symmetry-violating nuclear effects, including nuclear Schiff moments. Experimental investigations of multiply charged actinide molecules are challenging because the high charges severely destabilize chemical bonds, leading to spontaneous Coulomb explosion. We demonstrate a method to systematically generate and detect molecular ions at the edge of chemical stability. By applying high-fluence laser ablation to a depleted uranium metal foil, we produce atomic uranium ions U$^{z+}$ and uranium monoxide cations UO$^{z+}$ with $z = 1$--4. Among them, we observe UO$^{3+}$ and UO$^{4+}$, which exhibit comparatively simple electronic structures and are therefore promising for precision spectroscopy. The experiments are supported by relativistic density functional theory calculations of equilibrium bond lengths, charge distributions, and binding energies of all observed molecules. Calculations of symmetry-violating properties suggest a pronounced sensitivity of UO$^{3+}$ to hadronic $CP$ violation. This approach opens a pathway for high-precision investigations of fundamental symmetries and the exploration of relativistic actinide chemistry in previously inaccessible regimes.
title Multiply charged uranium monoxide as a versatile probe of fundamental physics
topic Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14924