Permanent magnet optimization of stellarators with coupling from finite permeability and demagnetization effects

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Main Authors: Ulrich, Armin, Haberle, Mason, Kaptanoglu, Alan A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ulrich, Armin
Haberle, Mason
Kaptanoglu, Alan A.
author_facet Ulrich, Armin
Haberle, Mason
Kaptanoglu, Alan A.
contents Permanent magnets provide an attractive path for shaping university-scale stellarator magnetic fields. Previous work has shown that greedy permanent magnet optimization (GPMO) can produce sparse, grid-aligned arrays that match target surfaces with high accuracy under an ideal rigid-remanence model. Here we extend this approach to a greedy permanent magnet optimization with macromagnetic refinement (GPMOmr) by introducing a block-level macromagnetic model that accounts for magnet-magnet and magnet-coil coupling from finite permeability and demagnetizing interactions, and apply it to the published magnet grid from the MUSE stellarator design. Finite-permeability effects produce degree-scale tilts and few-percent magnitude changes in individual magnets and modify the surface-normal field $\mathbf B\cdot\mathbf n$ only at the percent level, yet for a fixed layout they increase the standard squared-flux objective by more than a factor of two. When the same model is embedded in the greedy loop, GPMOmr achieves $f_B$ histories and final errors within a few percent of classical GPMO while producing visibly more nonuniform magnetization patterns. Our formulation provides a fast and practical tool for quantifying and incorporating finite-permeability effects in permanent-magnet stellarator designs, and offers a framework for extending permanent-magnet optimization to higher field strengths and to materials with stronger macromagnetic coupling.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14997
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Permanent magnet optimization of stellarators with coupling from finite permeability and demagnetization effects
Ulrich, Armin
Haberle, Mason
Kaptanoglu, Alan A.
Plasma Physics
Computational Physics
Permanent magnets provide an attractive path for shaping university-scale stellarator magnetic fields. Previous work has shown that greedy permanent magnet optimization (GPMO) can produce sparse, grid-aligned arrays that match target surfaces with high accuracy under an ideal rigid-remanence model. Here we extend this approach to a greedy permanent magnet optimization with macromagnetic refinement (GPMOmr) by introducing a block-level macromagnetic model that accounts for magnet-magnet and magnet-coil coupling from finite permeability and demagnetizing interactions, and apply it to the published magnet grid from the MUSE stellarator design. Finite-permeability effects produce degree-scale tilts and few-percent magnitude changes in individual magnets and modify the surface-normal field $\mathbf B\cdot\mathbf n$ only at the percent level, yet for a fixed layout they increase the standard squared-flux objective by more than a factor of two. When the same model is embedded in the greedy loop, GPMOmr achieves $f_B$ histories and final errors within a few percent of classical GPMO while producing visibly more nonuniform magnetization patterns. Our formulation provides a fast and practical tool for quantifying and incorporating finite-permeability effects in permanent-magnet stellarator designs, and offers a framework for extending permanent-magnet optimization to higher field strengths and to materials with stronger macromagnetic coupling.
title Permanent magnet optimization of stellarators with coupling from finite permeability and demagnetization effects
topic Plasma Physics
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14997