The Centennial Evolution of Solar Chromospheric Rotation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xiang, N. B., Zhao, X. H., Deng, L. H., Li, F. Y., Wan, M., Qi, S. Y.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Xiang, N. B.
Zhao, X. H.
Deng, L. H.
Li, F. Y.
Wan, M.
Qi, S. Y.
author_facet Xiang, N. B.
Zhao, X. H.
Deng, L. H.
Li, F. Y.
Wan, M.
Qi, S. Y.
contents Rotation is a prominent feature of the Sun, and it plays a crucial role in the generation and dynamic evolution of solar magnetic fields. The daily composite time series of Ca II K plage areas from 1907 February 1 to 2023 December 31 is used to analyze its periodicity and examine the temporal variation of its rotation period lengths (RPLs) using continuous wavelet transform. Wavelet analysis reveals that over a time span of more than a century, chromospheric rotation exhibits a dominant synodic period of approximately 26.62 days, with complex temporal variations. The long-term trend of chromospheric rotation is well-characterized by a statistically significant quadratic polynomial, showing a gradual deceleration from solar cycles 15 to 19, followed by a gradual acceleration from cycles 19 to 24. The RPLs exhibit a negative correlation between the rotation rate of the chromosphere and solar magnetic activity. Their behavior follows a distinct pattern within a Schwabe cycle: the rotation period progressively lengthens during the initial approximately 3 years, then maintains a relatively long value from year 3 to approximately 7.5, and finally shortens during the declining phase, returning to a minimum near the subsequent solar minimum. The variations of chromospheric RPLs show significant periods of 3.2, 5.7, 7.7, 10.3, and 12.3 years, with cross-correlation analysis pointing to a complex relationship with solar activity. The possible mechanisms for the temporal variation of the chromospheric rotation are discussed.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_15107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Centennial Evolution of Solar Chromospheric Rotation
Xiang, N. B.
Zhao, X. H.
Deng, L. H.
Li, F. Y.
Wan, M.
Qi, S. Y.
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Rotation is a prominent feature of the Sun, and it plays a crucial role in the generation and dynamic evolution of solar magnetic fields. The daily composite time series of Ca II K plage areas from 1907 February 1 to 2023 December 31 is used to analyze its periodicity and examine the temporal variation of its rotation period lengths (RPLs) using continuous wavelet transform. Wavelet analysis reveals that over a time span of more than a century, chromospheric rotation exhibits a dominant synodic period of approximately 26.62 days, with complex temporal variations. The long-term trend of chromospheric rotation is well-characterized by a statistically significant quadratic polynomial, showing a gradual deceleration from solar cycles 15 to 19, followed by a gradual acceleration from cycles 19 to 24. The RPLs exhibit a negative correlation between the rotation rate of the chromosphere and solar magnetic activity. Their behavior follows a distinct pattern within a Schwabe cycle: the rotation period progressively lengthens during the initial approximately 3 years, then maintains a relatively long value from year 3 to approximately 7.5, and finally shortens during the declining phase, returning to a minimum near the subsequent solar minimum. The variations of chromospheric RPLs show significant periods of 3.2, 5.7, 7.7, 10.3, and 12.3 years, with cross-correlation analysis pointing to a complex relationship with solar activity. The possible mechanisms for the temporal variation of the chromospheric rotation are discussed.
title The Centennial Evolution of Solar Chromospheric Rotation
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15107