Spectroscopic Alerts for the Time-Domain Era
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Melo, Alejandra Sanchez-Saez, Paula Ivanov, Valentin D. Anderson, Richard I. Bayo, Amelia Binnenfeld, Avraham Bisero, Sofia Ilić, Dragana Kovačević, Andjelka B. Majidi, Fatemeh Zahra Merc, Jaroslav Pala, Anna Panda, Swayamtrupta Satheesh-Sheeba, Sarath Schüssler, Fabian Vergani, Susanna D. |
| author_facet | Melo, Alejandra Sanchez-Saez, Paula Ivanov, Valentin D. Anderson, Richard I. Bayo, Amelia Binnenfeld, Avraham Bisero, Sofia Ilić, Dragana Kovačević, Andjelka B. Majidi, Fatemeh Zahra Merc, Jaroslav Pala, Anna Panda, Swayamtrupta Satheesh-Sheeba, Sarath Schüssler, Fabian Vergani, Susanna D. |
| contents | Time-domain astronomy is entering an era of unprecedented discovery driven by wide-field, high-cadence surveys such as LSST, Roman, Euclid, SKA, and PLATO. While some of these facilities will generate enormous photometric alert streams, the physical interpretation of variability and transients often requires spectroscopy, which encodes changes in ionisation state, kinematics, and accretion that are inaccessible to photometry alone. A critical gap is therefore emerging: next-generation surveys may produce up to $\sim10^9$ alerts per year, whereas global spectroscopic follow-up is limited to only $\sim10^4$--$10^5$ transient spectra annually. We present the concept of spectroscopic alerts: real-time notifications triggered by significant spectral evolution, enabling spectroscopy to act as a discovery channel rather than solely as follow-up. We outline the key science cases enabled by this capability and describe the instrumental and operational requirements of a wide-field, highly multiplexed spectroscopic facility capable of delivering real-time spectral discovery for 2040s time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_15555 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spectroscopic Alerts for the Time-Domain Era Melo, Alejandra Sanchez-Saez, Paula Ivanov, Valentin D. Anderson, Richard I. Bayo, Amelia Binnenfeld, Avraham Bisero, Sofia Ilić, Dragana Kovačević, Andjelka B. Majidi, Fatemeh Zahra Merc, Jaroslav Pala, Anna Panda, Swayamtrupta Satheesh-Sheeba, Sarath Schüssler, Fabian Vergani, Susanna D. Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Time-domain astronomy is entering an era of unprecedented discovery driven by wide-field, high-cadence surveys such as LSST, Roman, Euclid, SKA, and PLATO. While some of these facilities will generate enormous photometric alert streams, the physical interpretation of variability and transients often requires spectroscopy, which encodes changes in ionisation state, kinematics, and accretion that are inaccessible to photometry alone. A critical gap is therefore emerging: next-generation surveys may produce up to $\sim10^9$ alerts per year, whereas global spectroscopic follow-up is limited to only $\sim10^4$--$10^5$ transient spectra annually. We present the concept of spectroscopic alerts: real-time notifications triggered by significant spectral evolution, enabling spectroscopy to act as a discovery channel rather than solely as follow-up. We outline the key science cases enabled by this capability and describe the instrumental and operational requirements of a wide-field, highly multiplexed spectroscopic facility capable of delivering real-time spectral discovery for 2040s time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy. |
| title | Spectroscopic Alerts for the Time-Domain Era |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15555 |