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Main Authors: Zhao, Yunfan, Chen, Xiaojing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16124
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author Zhao, Yunfan
Chen, Xiaojing
author_facet Zhao, Yunfan
Chen, Xiaojing
contents Let $(X_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be a Markov chain on a measurable state space $X$, and let $S_n = \sum_{k=1}^n f(X_k)$ be the associated Markov walk. For $y>0$, denote by $τ_y$ the first time at which $y+S_n$ becomes non-positive. Assuming that the centred martingale approximation of $S_n$ lies in the domain of attraction of a strictly $α$-stable law with $α\in(1,2)$, and that the transition operator satisfies a spectral-gap condition, we determine the asymptotic behaviour of $P_x(τ_y>n)$. In particular, we show the existence of a strictly positive $Q^+$-harmonic function $V_α(x,y)$ such that $$n^{1-ρ} L(n)\, P_x(τ_y>n) \longrightarrow V_α(x,y),$$ where $L$ is slowly varying and $ρ$ is the positivity parameter of the limiting $α$-stable process. We further establish the asymptotic growth of $V_α(x,y)$ as $y\to\infty$ and prove a conditional limit theorem: conditionally on $\{τ_y>n\}$, $$\frac{S_n}{n^{1/α} L(n)}$$ converges in distribution to the $α$-stable meander. These results extend the Gaussian spectral-gap theory of Markov walks to the full stable regime and give the first appearance of stable meanders for Markov additive processes under such assumptions.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_16124
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publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Limit theorems for Markov walks conditioned to stay positive in the $α$-stable regime under a spectral gap assumption
Zhao, Yunfan
Chen, Xiaojing
Probability
Let $(X_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be a Markov chain on a measurable state space $X$, and let $S_n = \sum_{k=1}^n f(X_k)$ be the associated Markov walk. For $y>0$, denote by $τ_y$ the first time at which $y+S_n$ becomes non-positive. Assuming that the centred martingale approximation of $S_n$ lies in the domain of attraction of a strictly $α$-stable law with $α\in(1,2)$, and that the transition operator satisfies a spectral-gap condition, we determine the asymptotic behaviour of $P_x(τ_y>n)$. In particular, we show the existence of a strictly positive $Q^+$-harmonic function $V_α(x,y)$ such that $$n^{1-ρ} L(n)\, P_x(τ_y>n) \longrightarrow V_α(x,y),$$ where $L$ is slowly varying and $ρ$ is the positivity parameter of the limiting $α$-stable process. We further establish the asymptotic growth of $V_α(x,y)$ as $y\to\infty$ and prove a conditional limit theorem: conditionally on $\{τ_y>n\}$, $$\frac{S_n}{n^{1/α} L(n)}$$ converges in distribution to the $α$-stable meander. These results extend the Gaussian spectral-gap theory of Markov walks to the full stable regime and give the first appearance of stable meanders for Markov additive processes under such assumptions.
title Limit theorems for Markov walks conditioned to stay positive in the $α$-stable regime under a spectral gap assumption
topic Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16124