On the Edge of Core (Non-)Emptiness: An Automated Reasoning Approach to Approval-Based Multi-Winner Voting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Berker, Ratip Emin, Tewolde, Emanuel, Conitzer, Vincent, Guo, Mingyu, Heule, Marijn, Xia, Lirong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866908720420618240
author Berker, Ratip Emin
Tewolde, Emanuel
Conitzer, Vincent
Guo, Mingyu
Heule, Marijn
Xia, Lirong
author_facet Berker, Ratip Emin
Tewolde, Emanuel
Conitzer, Vincent
Guo, Mingyu
Heule, Marijn
Xia, Lirong
contents Core stability is a natural and well-studied notion for group fairness in multi-winner voting, where the task is to select a committee from a pool of candidates. We study the setting where voters either approve or disapprove of each candidate; here, it remains a major open problem whether a core-stable committee always exists. In this work, we develop an approach based on mixed-integer linear programming for deciding whether and when core-stable committees are guaranteed to exist. In contrast to SAT-based approaches popular in computational social choice, our method can produce proofs for a specific number of candidates independent of the number of voters. In addition to these computational gains, our program lends itself to a novel duality-based reformulation of the core stability problem, from which we obtain new existence results in special cases. Further, we use our framework to reveal previously unknown relationships between core stability and other desirable properties, such as notions of priceability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_16895
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Edge of Core (Non-)Emptiness: An Automated Reasoning Approach to Approval-Based Multi-Winner Voting
Berker, Ratip Emin
Tewolde, Emanuel
Conitzer, Vincent
Guo, Mingyu
Heule, Marijn
Xia, Lirong
Computer Science and Game Theory
91B12, 91B14, 68Q25, 68T01, 68V05, 90C11
F.2; I.2; J.4
Core stability is a natural and well-studied notion for group fairness in multi-winner voting, where the task is to select a committee from a pool of candidates. We study the setting where voters either approve or disapprove of each candidate; here, it remains a major open problem whether a core-stable committee always exists. In this work, we develop an approach based on mixed-integer linear programming for deciding whether and when core-stable committees are guaranteed to exist. In contrast to SAT-based approaches popular in computational social choice, our method can produce proofs for a specific number of candidates independent of the number of voters. In addition to these computational gains, our program lends itself to a novel duality-based reformulation of the core stability problem, from which we obtain new existence results in special cases. Further, we use our framework to reveal previously unknown relationships between core stability and other desirable properties, such as notions of priceability.
title On the Edge of Core (Non-)Emptiness: An Automated Reasoning Approach to Approval-Based Multi-Winner Voting
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
91B12, 91B14, 68Q25, 68T01, 68V05, 90C11
F.2; I.2; J.4
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16895