Selective trapping of bacteria in porous media by cell length

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gao, David, Wang, Zeyuan, Jain, Mihika, Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M., Tao, Ran
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Gao, David
Wang, Zeyuan
Jain, Mihika
Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M.
Tao, Ran
author_facet Gao, David
Wang, Zeyuan
Jain, Mihika
Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M.
Tao, Ran
contents Bacteria commonly inhabit porous environments such as host tissues, soil, and marine sediments, where complex geometries constrain and redirect their motion. Although bacterial motility has been studied in porous media, the roles of cell length and pore shape in navigating these environments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how cell morphology and pore architecture jointly determine bacterial spreading behavior. Using genetically engineered E. coli with tunable cell length, we performed single-cell tracking in microfluidic devices that mimic ordered and disordered porous structures. We find that elongated bacteria traverse ordered pore networks more effectively than short cells, exhibiting straighter paths, greater directional persistence, and enhanced exploration efficiency. In contrast, in disordered porous media, elongated bacteria become trapped in dead-end regions for extended periods, resulting in markedly reduced navigational efficiency. Together, these results reveal how cell shape and environmental geometry interact to govern bacterial transport. Moreover, we suggest a new mechanism for separating antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria from elongated susceptible cells in designer porous media.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_17047
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Selective trapping of bacteria in porous media by cell length
Gao, David
Wang, Zeyuan
Jain, Mihika
Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M.
Tao, Ran
Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Fluid Dynamics
Bacteria commonly inhabit porous environments such as host tissues, soil, and marine sediments, where complex geometries constrain and redirect their motion. Although bacterial motility has been studied in porous media, the roles of cell length and pore shape in navigating these environments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how cell morphology and pore architecture jointly determine bacterial spreading behavior. Using genetically engineered E. coli with tunable cell length, we performed single-cell tracking in microfluidic devices that mimic ordered and disordered porous structures. We find that elongated bacteria traverse ordered pore networks more effectively than short cells, exhibiting straighter paths, greater directional persistence, and enhanced exploration efficiency. In contrast, in disordered porous media, elongated bacteria become trapped in dead-end regions for extended periods, resulting in markedly reduced navigational efficiency. Together, these results reveal how cell shape and environmental geometry interact to govern bacterial transport. Moreover, we suggest a new mechanism for separating antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria from elongated susceptible cells in designer porous media.
title Selective trapping of bacteria in porous media by cell length
topic Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17047