Cryogenic Dielectric Metasurface-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Targholizadeh, Amir Nikulin, Grigoriy Y. Jha, Pankaj K. |
| author_facet | Targholizadeh, Amir Nikulin, Grigoriy Y. Jha, Pankaj K. |
| contents | Over the past decade, multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as the leading single-photon detection technology due to their exceptional system detection efficiency (SDE), ultrahigh timing precision, negligible dark counts, etc. However, achieving these performances with a \textit{single-element} SNSPD has been an outstanding challenge due to a fundamental trade-off: a large active area is necessary for high SDE, while a smaller area is crucial for higher photon count rates, lower dark counts, and lower jitter. Here, we introduce an all-dielectric cryogenic metalens integrated with a single-element SNSPD to achieve high SDE with a smaller active area. Furthermore, we leverage a bifunctional metalens to demonstrate polarization-resolved photodetection at the telecommunication wavelength theoretically. Integrating multifunctional cryogenic metaurfaces with the state-of-the-art SNSPDs may enable novel capabilities with reduced size, weight, power, cost, and cooling (SWaP-C$^{2}$) requirements. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_17115 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cryogenic Dielectric Metasurface-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors Targholizadeh, Amir Nikulin, Grigoriy Y. Jha, Pankaj K. Optics Quantum Physics Over the past decade, multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as the leading single-photon detection technology due to their exceptional system detection efficiency (SDE), ultrahigh timing precision, negligible dark counts, etc. However, achieving these performances with a \textit{single-element} SNSPD has been an outstanding challenge due to a fundamental trade-off: a large active area is necessary for high SDE, while a smaller area is crucial for higher photon count rates, lower dark counts, and lower jitter. Here, we introduce an all-dielectric cryogenic metalens integrated with a single-element SNSPD to achieve high SDE with a smaller active area. Furthermore, we leverage a bifunctional metalens to demonstrate polarization-resolved photodetection at the telecommunication wavelength theoretically. Integrating multifunctional cryogenic metaurfaces with the state-of-the-art SNSPDs may enable novel capabilities with reduced size, weight, power, cost, and cooling (SWaP-C$^{2}$) requirements. |
| title | Cryogenic Dielectric Metasurface-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors |
| topic | Optics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17115 |