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Main Authors: Quintana, Matias, Liu, Fangqi, Torkko, Jussi, Gu, Youlong, Liang, Xiucheng, Hou, Yujun, Ito, Koichi, Zhu, Yihan, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud, Toivonen, Tuuli, Lu, Yi, Biljecki, Filip
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17186
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author Quintana, Matias
Liu, Fangqi
Torkko, Jussi
Gu, Youlong
Liang, Xiucheng
Hou, Yujun
Ito, Koichi
Zhu, Yihan
Abdelrahman, Mahmoud
Toivonen, Tuuli
Lu, Yi
Biljecki, Filip
author_facet Quintana, Matias
Liu, Fangqi
Torkko, Jussi
Gu, Youlong
Liang, Xiucheng
Hou, Yujun
Ito, Koichi
Zhu, Yihan
Abdelrahman, Mahmoud
Toivonen, Tuuli
Lu, Yi
Biljecki, Filip
contents Quantifying and assessing urban greenery is consequential for planning and development, reflecting the everlasting importance of green spaces for multiple climate and well-being dimensions of cities. Evaluation can be broadly grouped into objective (e.g., measuring the amount of greenery) and subjective (e.g., polling the perception of people) approaches, which may differ -- what people see and feel about how green a place is might not match the measurements of the actual amount of vegetation. In this work, we advance the state of the art by measuring such differences and explaining them through human, geographic, and spatial dimensions. The experiments rely on contextual information extracted from street view imagery and a comprehensive urban visual perception survey collected from 1,000 people across five countries with their extensive demographic and personality information. We analyze the discrepancies between objective measures (e.g., Green View Index (GVI)) and subjective scores (e.g., pairwise ratings), examining whether they can be explained by a variety of human and visual factors such as age group and spatial variation of greenery in the scene. The findings reveal that such discrepancies are comparable around the world and that demographics and personality do not play a significant role in perception. Further, while perceived and measured greenery correlate consistently across geographies (both where people and where imagery are from), where people live plays a significant role in explaining perceptual differences, with these two, as the top among seven, features that influences perceived greenery the most. This location influence suggests that cultural, environmental, and experiential factors substantially shape how individuals observe greenery in cities.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle It is not always greener on the other side: Greenery perception across demographics and personalities in multiple cities
Quintana, Matias
Liu, Fangqi
Torkko, Jussi
Gu, Youlong
Liang, Xiucheng
Hou, Yujun
Ito, Koichi
Zhu, Yihan
Abdelrahman, Mahmoud
Toivonen, Tuuli
Lu, Yi
Biljecki, Filip
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Quantifying and assessing urban greenery is consequential for planning and development, reflecting the everlasting importance of green spaces for multiple climate and well-being dimensions of cities. Evaluation can be broadly grouped into objective (e.g., measuring the amount of greenery) and subjective (e.g., polling the perception of people) approaches, which may differ -- what people see and feel about how green a place is might not match the measurements of the actual amount of vegetation. In this work, we advance the state of the art by measuring such differences and explaining them through human, geographic, and spatial dimensions. The experiments rely on contextual information extracted from street view imagery and a comprehensive urban visual perception survey collected from 1,000 people across five countries with their extensive demographic and personality information. We analyze the discrepancies between objective measures (e.g., Green View Index (GVI)) and subjective scores (e.g., pairwise ratings), examining whether they can be explained by a variety of human and visual factors such as age group and spatial variation of greenery in the scene. The findings reveal that such discrepancies are comparable around the world and that demographics and personality do not play a significant role in perception. Further, while perceived and measured greenery correlate consistently across geographies (both where people and where imagery are from), where people live plays a significant role in explaining perceptual differences, with these two, as the top among seven, features that influences perceived greenery the most. This location influence suggests that cultural, environmental, and experiential factors substantially shape how individuals observe greenery in cities.
title It is not always greener on the other side: Greenery perception across demographics and personalities in multiple cities
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17186