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Main Authors: Xu, Yuming, Zhang, Qianxi, Chen, Qi, Lu, Baotong, Li, Menghao, Adams, Philip, Li, Mingqin, Li, Zengzhong, Liu, Jing, Li, Cheng, Yang, Fan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17264
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author Xu, Yuming
Zhang, Qianxi
Chen, Qi
Lu, Baotong
Li, Menghao
Adams, Philip
Li, Mingqin
Li, Zengzhong
Liu, Jing
Li, Cheng
Yang, Fan
author_facet Xu, Yuming
Zhang, Qianxi
Chen, Qi
Lu, Baotong
Li, Menghao
Adams, Philip
Li, Mingqin
Li, Zengzhong
Liu, Jing
Li, Cheng
Yang, Fan
contents Scaling Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) to billions of vectors requires distributed indexes that balance accuracy, latency, and throughput. Yet existing index designs struggle with this tradeoff. This paper presents SPIRE, a scalable vector index based on two design decisions. First, it identifies a balanced partition granularity that avoids read-cost explosion. Second, it introduces an accuracy-preserving recursive construction that builds a multi-level index with predictable search cost and stable accuracy. In experiments with up to 8 billion vectors across 46 nodes, SPIRE achieves high scalability and up to 9.64X higher throughput than state-of-the-art systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_17264
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Scalable Distributed Vector Search via Accuracy Preserving Index Construction
Xu, Yuming
Zhang, Qianxi
Chen, Qi
Lu, Baotong
Li, Menghao
Adams, Philip
Li, Mingqin
Li, Zengzhong
Liu, Jing
Li, Cheng
Yang, Fan
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Scaling Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) to billions of vectors requires distributed indexes that balance accuracy, latency, and throughput. Yet existing index designs struggle with this tradeoff. This paper presents SPIRE, a scalable vector index based on two design decisions. First, it identifies a balanced partition granularity that avoids read-cost explosion. Second, it introduces an accuracy-preserving recursive construction that builds a multi-level index with predictable search cost and stable accuracy. In experiments with up to 8 billion vectors across 46 nodes, SPIRE achieves high scalability and up to 9.64X higher throughput than state-of-the-art systems.
title Scalable Distributed Vector Search via Accuracy Preserving Index Construction
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17264