Qi's problems on classifications of third- and fourth-order symmetric tensors by eigenvalues

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fang, Lishan, Huang, Hua-Lin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fang, Lishan
Huang, Hua-Lin
author_facet Fang, Lishan
Huang, Hua-Lin
contents This paper addresses two fundamental problems posed by Qi regarding the sufficiency of eigenvalues for the classification of symmetric tensors in the two-dimensional setting. For $2\times2\times2$ and $2\times2\times2\times2$ complex symmetric tensors, we establish their complete set of equivalence classes via a one-to-one correspondence with the canonical forms of their associated binary cubics and quartics. We then prove that these equivalence classes are uniquely determined by spectral invariants, specifically, the number of eigenpair classes and the multiplicities of zero eigenvalues, over the complex domain. We demonstrate that this classification does not hold in the real domain, where distinct equivalence classes can share identical spectral invariants. Finally, we extend this approach to derive canonical forms and complete classification for complex third- and fourth-order linear partial differential equations in two variables using their bijective relationship to binary forms.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_17431
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Qi's problems on classifications of third- and fourth-order symmetric tensors by eigenvalues
Fang, Lishan
Huang, Hua-Lin
Rings and Algebras
15A69, 15A21, 15A18
This paper addresses two fundamental problems posed by Qi regarding the sufficiency of eigenvalues for the classification of symmetric tensors in the two-dimensional setting. For $2\times2\times2$ and $2\times2\times2\times2$ complex symmetric tensors, we establish their complete set of equivalence classes via a one-to-one correspondence with the canonical forms of their associated binary cubics and quartics. We then prove that these equivalence classes are uniquely determined by spectral invariants, specifically, the number of eigenpair classes and the multiplicities of zero eigenvalues, over the complex domain. We demonstrate that this classification does not hold in the real domain, where distinct equivalence classes can share identical spectral invariants. Finally, we extend this approach to derive canonical forms and complete classification for complex third- and fourth-order linear partial differential equations in two variables using their bijective relationship to binary forms.
title Qi's problems on classifications of third- and fourth-order symmetric tensors by eigenvalues
topic Rings and Algebras
15A69, 15A21, 15A18
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17431