Zeros of polynomial powers under the heat flow

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Höfert, Antonia, Jalowy, Jonas, Kabluchko, Zakhar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866909971175702528
author Höfert, Antonia
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
author_facet Höfert, Antonia
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
contents We study the evolution of zeros of high polynomial powers under the heat flow. For any fixed polynomial $P(z)$, we prove that the empirical zero distribution of its heat-evolved $n$-th power converges to a distribution on the complex plane as $n$ tends to infinity. We describe this limit distribution $μ_t$ as a function of the time parameter $t$ of the heat evolution: For small time, zeros start to spread out in approximately semicircular distributions, then intricate curves start to form and merge, until for large time, the zero distribution approaches a widespread semicircle law through the initial center of mass. The Stieltjes transform of the limit distribution $μ_t$ satisfies a self-consistent equation and a Burgers' equation. The present paper deals with general complex-rooted polynomials for which, in contrast to the real-rooted case, no free-probabilistic representation for $μ_t$ is available.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_17808
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Zeros of polynomial powers under the heat flow
Höfert, Antonia
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
Probability
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Complex Variables
30C15, 31A35, 60B10
We study the evolution of zeros of high polynomial powers under the heat flow. For any fixed polynomial $P(z)$, we prove that the empirical zero distribution of its heat-evolved $n$-th power converges to a distribution on the complex plane as $n$ tends to infinity. We describe this limit distribution $μ_t$ as a function of the time parameter $t$ of the heat evolution: For small time, zeros start to spread out in approximately semicircular distributions, then intricate curves start to form and merge, until for large time, the zero distribution approaches a widespread semicircle law through the initial center of mass. The Stieltjes transform of the limit distribution $μ_t$ satisfies a self-consistent equation and a Burgers' equation. The present paper deals with general complex-rooted polynomials for which, in contrast to the real-rooted case, no free-probabilistic representation for $μ_t$ is available.
title Zeros of polynomial powers under the heat flow
topic Probability
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Complex Variables
30C15, 31A35, 60B10
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17808