Adapting cluster graphs for inference of continuous trait evolution on phylogenetic networks

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Autori principali: Teo, Benjamin, Ané, Cécile
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Teo, Benjamin
Ané, Cécile
author_facet Teo, Benjamin
Ané, Cécile
contents Dynamic programming approaches have long been applied to fit models of univariate and multivariate trait evolution on phylogenetic trees for discrete and continuous traits, and more recently adapted to phylogenetic networks with reticulation. We previously showed that various trait evolution models on a network can be readily cast as probabilistic graphical models, so that likelihood-based estimation can proceed efficiently via belief propagation on an associated clique tree. Even so, exact likelihood inference can grow computationally prohibitive for large complex networks. Loopy belief propagation can similarly be applied to these settings, using non-tree cluster graphs to optimize a factored energy approximation to the log-likelihood, and may provide a more practical trade-off between estimation accuracy and runtime. However, the influence of cluster graph structure on this trade-off is not precisely understood. We conduct a simulation study using the Julia package PhyloGaussianBeliefProp to investigate how varying maximum cluster size affects this trade-off for Gaussian trait evolution models on networks. We discuss recommended choices for maximum cluster size, and prove the equivalence of likelihood-based and factored-energy-based parameter estimates for the homogeneous Brownian motion model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_18139
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Adapting cluster graphs for inference of continuous trait evolution on phylogenetic networks
Teo, Benjamin
Ané, Cécile
Populations and Evolution
Computation
Dynamic programming approaches have long been applied to fit models of univariate and multivariate trait evolution on phylogenetic trees for discrete and continuous traits, and more recently adapted to phylogenetic networks with reticulation. We previously showed that various trait evolution models on a network can be readily cast as probabilistic graphical models, so that likelihood-based estimation can proceed efficiently via belief propagation on an associated clique tree. Even so, exact likelihood inference can grow computationally prohibitive for large complex networks. Loopy belief propagation can similarly be applied to these settings, using non-tree cluster graphs to optimize a factored energy approximation to the log-likelihood, and may provide a more practical trade-off between estimation accuracy and runtime. However, the influence of cluster graph structure on this trade-off is not precisely understood. We conduct a simulation study using the Julia package PhyloGaussianBeliefProp to investigate how varying maximum cluster size affects this trade-off for Gaussian trait evolution models on networks. We discuss recommended choices for maximum cluster size, and prove the equivalence of likelihood-based and factored-energy-based parameter estimates for the homogeneous Brownian motion model.
title Adapting cluster graphs for inference of continuous trait evolution on phylogenetic networks
topic Populations and Evolution
Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18139