Continuous Wide-Field Optical Monitoring for Very Early-Phase Transient Discovery
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2025
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| author | Della Valle, Massimo Botticella, Maria Teresa Cappellaro, Enrico Ragazzoni, Roberto Aliverti, Matteo Arcidiacono, Carmelo Amati, Lorenzo Baruffolo, Andrea Bernardini, Maria Grazia Boato, Giovanni Bocchino, Fabrizio Borsa, Francesco Bournane, Mohamed Yahia Brocato, Enzo Bruno, Giovanni D'Avanzo, Paolo Elias-Rosa, Nancy Di Rosa, Silvio Farias, Diego Farinato, Jacopo Greggio, Davide Ingallinera, Adriano Izzo, Luca Limongi, Marco Magrin, Demetrio Marongiu, Marco Melandri, Andrea Micela, Giusi Murgia, Matteo Nascimbeni, Valerio Orlando, Salvatore Petralia, Antonino Petrecca, Vincenzo Pilia, Maura Piranomonte, Silvia Possenti, Andrea Radhakrishnan, Kalyan Rebrysh, Oleksandra Riggi, Simone Salmaso, Irene Scandariato, Giovanni Trigilio, Corrado Zaggia, Simone |
| author_facet | Della Valle, Massimo Botticella, Maria Teresa Cappellaro, Enrico Ragazzoni, Roberto Aliverti, Matteo Arcidiacono, Carmelo Amati, Lorenzo Baruffolo, Andrea Bernardini, Maria Grazia Boato, Giovanni Bocchino, Fabrizio Borsa, Francesco Bournane, Mohamed Yahia Brocato, Enzo Bruno, Giovanni D'Avanzo, Paolo Elias-Rosa, Nancy Di Rosa, Silvio Farias, Diego Farinato, Jacopo Greggio, Davide Ingallinera, Adriano Izzo, Luca Limongi, Marco Magrin, Demetrio Marongiu, Marco Melandri, Andrea Micela, Giusi Murgia, Matteo Nascimbeni, Valerio Orlando, Salvatore Petralia, Antonino Petrecca, Vincenzo Pilia, Maura Piranomonte, Silvia Possenti, Andrea Radhakrishnan, Kalyan Rebrysh, Oleksandra Riggi, Simone Salmaso, Irene Scandariato, Giovanni Trigilio, Corrado Zaggia, Simone |
| contents | The study of transient phenomena in a multimessenger context is expected to remain a major pillar of astrophysical discovery in the decades ahead. Supernovae, Kilonovae, Black-Hole formation, Novae, GRBs, and tidal disruption events are prime examples, as their earliest phases link electromagnetic radiation to gravitational waves, neutrinos, and high-energy emission. Yet, the physics connecting these messengers unfolds within minutes to hours, while traditional surveys revisit the same region of the sky on the scale of days/weeks, missing when the event begins. Current survey facilities excel at answering what happened and how often, but essentially fail in addressing how it happened and how it couples to gravitational waves, neutrinos, or high-energy emission. Continuous wide-area optical monitoring, as proposed here, removes this limitation. The traditional approach, where a GW or neutrino alert triggers electromagnetic follow-up, is now complemented, and sometimes reversed: early electromagnetic discoveries can prompt searches for weaker gravitational waves or neutrino signals that would otherwise be missed. In the Einstein Telescope era, wide-field optical monitoring will allow us to find the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave events and understand their physics. At the same time, a telescope capable of continuous monitoring provides immediate scientific value for planetary defense, space-debris tracking, stellar variability, exoplanets transit monitoring, accretion-driven activity, and when we step into a new observational territory, the true discoveries are often the ones we did not expect. In this vision, continuous time-domain astronomy does not replace classical surveys: it completes them by supplying the missing temporal dimension. Follow-up observations remain essential, but they now begin at the physical onset of the event rather than after its evolution is underway. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_18157 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Continuous Wide-Field Optical Monitoring for Very Early-Phase Transient Discovery Della Valle, Massimo Botticella, Maria Teresa Cappellaro, Enrico Ragazzoni, Roberto Aliverti, Matteo Arcidiacono, Carmelo Amati, Lorenzo Baruffolo, Andrea Bernardini, Maria Grazia Boato, Giovanni Bocchino, Fabrizio Borsa, Francesco Bournane, Mohamed Yahia Brocato, Enzo Bruno, Giovanni D'Avanzo, Paolo Elias-Rosa, Nancy Di Rosa, Silvio Farias, Diego Farinato, Jacopo Greggio, Davide Ingallinera, Adriano Izzo, Luca Limongi, Marco Magrin, Demetrio Marongiu, Marco Melandri, Andrea Micela, Giusi Murgia, Matteo Nascimbeni, Valerio Orlando, Salvatore Petralia, Antonino Petrecca, Vincenzo Pilia, Maura Piranomonte, Silvia Possenti, Andrea Radhakrishnan, Kalyan Rebrysh, Oleksandra Riggi, Simone Salmaso, Irene Scandariato, Giovanni Trigilio, Corrado Zaggia, Simone Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics The study of transient phenomena in a multimessenger context is expected to remain a major pillar of astrophysical discovery in the decades ahead. Supernovae, Kilonovae, Black-Hole formation, Novae, GRBs, and tidal disruption events are prime examples, as their earliest phases link electromagnetic radiation to gravitational waves, neutrinos, and high-energy emission. Yet, the physics connecting these messengers unfolds within minutes to hours, while traditional surveys revisit the same region of the sky on the scale of days/weeks, missing when the event begins. Current survey facilities excel at answering what happened and how often, but essentially fail in addressing how it happened and how it couples to gravitational waves, neutrinos, or high-energy emission. Continuous wide-area optical monitoring, as proposed here, removes this limitation. The traditional approach, where a GW or neutrino alert triggers electromagnetic follow-up, is now complemented, and sometimes reversed: early electromagnetic discoveries can prompt searches for weaker gravitational waves or neutrino signals that would otherwise be missed. In the Einstein Telescope era, wide-field optical monitoring will allow us to find the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave events and understand their physics. At the same time, a telescope capable of continuous monitoring provides immediate scientific value for planetary defense, space-debris tracking, stellar variability, exoplanets transit monitoring, accretion-driven activity, and when we step into a new observational territory, the true discoveries are often the ones we did not expect. In this vision, continuous time-domain astronomy does not replace classical surveys: it completes them by supplying the missing temporal dimension. Follow-up observations remain essential, but they now begin at the physical onset of the event rather than after its evolution is underway. |
| title | Continuous Wide-Field Optical Monitoring for Very Early-Phase Transient Discovery |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18157 |