Imaging the LkCa 15 system in polarimetry and total intensity without self-subtraction artefacts

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Hauptverfasser: Swastik, C., Wahhaj, Zahed, Benisty, Myriam, Arora, Saksham, Ginski, Christian, Ren, Bin B., van Holstein, R. G., de Rosa, Rob, Banyal, Ravinder K, Tazaki, Ryo
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Swastik, C.
Wahhaj, Zahed
Benisty, Myriam
Arora, Saksham
Ginski, Christian
Ren, Bin B.
van Holstein, R. G.
de Rosa, Rob
Banyal, Ravinder K
Tazaki, Ryo
author_facet Swastik, C.
Wahhaj, Zahed
Benisty, Myriam
Arora, Saksham
Ginski, Christian
Ren, Bin B.
van Holstein, R. G.
de Rosa, Rob
Banyal, Ravinder K
Tazaki, Ryo
contents Studying young protoplanetary disks is essential for understanding planet formation, but traditional angular differential imaging can introduce self-subtraction artefacts that hinder interpretation of small-scale structures. We present high-resolution total- and polarized-intensity Ks-band images of the LkCa~15 system obtained with SPHERE using near-simultaneous reference-star differential imaging (star-hopping), yielding self-subtraction-free images beyond 0.1 arcsec. LkCa~15 hosts a ~160 au protoplanetary disk and has previously been reported to harbour candidate protoplanets at separations of 15--18 au. We analyse the disk morphology and dust properties and search for super-Jupiter planets beyond 20 au. We first model the near-infrared scattered-light images together with ALMA submillimetre continuum data using RADMC-3D and a two grain-size (micron and millimetre) compact olivine model. While this model broadly reproduces the disk geometry, it overpredicts the degree of forward scattering in the near-infrared. To investigate this discrepancy, we extract the scattering phase function S(theta) and polarized fraction P(theta) from the SPHERE data and compare them with aggregate-scattering models. The observed phase functions disfavour compact Mie spheres and are better matched by porous aggregates (CAHP). Recomputing the scattered-light models with porous CAHP grains in the disk surface layer significantly improves agreement with the observed Ks-band morphology and polarization, while retaining compact millimetre grains to reproduce the ALMA continuum. No new planetary companions are detected; we place upper mass limits of ~1.5 MJ beyond 200 au and ~3.6 MJ in the inner disk. Our results demonstrate that combining star-hopping imaging with phase-function diagnostics provides strong constraints on dust grain properties in protoplanetary disks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_18439
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Imaging the LkCa 15 system in polarimetry and total intensity without self-subtraction artefacts
Swastik, C.
Wahhaj, Zahed
Benisty, Myriam
Arora, Saksham
Ginski, Christian
Ren, Bin B.
van Holstein, R. G.
de Rosa, Rob
Banyal, Ravinder K
Tazaki, Ryo
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Studying young protoplanetary disks is essential for understanding planet formation, but traditional angular differential imaging can introduce self-subtraction artefacts that hinder interpretation of small-scale structures. We present high-resolution total- and polarized-intensity Ks-band images of the LkCa~15 system obtained with SPHERE using near-simultaneous reference-star differential imaging (star-hopping), yielding self-subtraction-free images beyond 0.1 arcsec. LkCa~15 hosts a ~160 au protoplanetary disk and has previously been reported to harbour candidate protoplanets at separations of 15--18 au. We analyse the disk morphology and dust properties and search for super-Jupiter planets beyond 20 au. We first model the near-infrared scattered-light images together with ALMA submillimetre continuum data using RADMC-3D and a two grain-size (micron and millimetre) compact olivine model. While this model broadly reproduces the disk geometry, it overpredicts the degree of forward scattering in the near-infrared. To investigate this discrepancy, we extract the scattering phase function S(theta) and polarized fraction P(theta) from the SPHERE data and compare them with aggregate-scattering models. The observed phase functions disfavour compact Mie spheres and are better matched by porous aggregates (CAHP). Recomputing the scattered-light models with porous CAHP grains in the disk surface layer significantly improves agreement with the observed Ks-band morphology and polarization, while retaining compact millimetre grains to reproduce the ALMA continuum. No new planetary companions are detected; we place upper mass limits of ~1.5 MJ beyond 200 au and ~3.6 MJ in the inner disk. Our results demonstrate that combining star-hopping imaging with phase-function diagnostics provides strong constraints on dust grain properties in protoplanetary disks.
title Imaging the LkCa 15 system in polarimetry and total intensity without self-subtraction artefacts
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18439