Universal Non-Equilibrium Cascade in QGP Light-Nuclei Formation and Cosmological Bose-Einstein Condensation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Fukuyama, Takeshi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fukuyama, Takeshi
author_facet Fukuyama, Takeshi
contents Recent ALICE results demonstrate that over 90\% of light nuclei and anti-nuclei ($d$, $\bar d$) observed in heavy-ion collisions originate from a non-equilibrium, multi-stage process: $Δ$-resonance production, decay into correlated nucleons, and their subsequent coalescence in a cooler hadronic environment. Although the final particle yields appear thermal, the underlying dynamics is strongly time-ordered and highly non-equilibrium. We show that this mechanism exhibits a striking universality with the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and associated density spikes in cosmological scalar-field dark-matter scenarios. In both systems -- the quark-gluon plasma near hadronization and the early universe approaching the BEC critical temperature -- the relevant degrees of freedom reorganize through a hierarchical cascade: high-energy modes first convert into intermediate excitations, which then seed low-energy coherent structures once the temperature crosses a threshold. This work highlights an unexpected theoretical bridge between heavy-ion physics and cosmology, suggesting a common class of emergent non-equilibrium phenomena behind structure formation in both extremes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_18538
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Universal Non-Equilibrium Cascade in QGP Light-Nuclei Formation and Cosmological Bose-Einstein Condensation
Fukuyama, Takeshi
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Recent ALICE results demonstrate that over 90\% of light nuclei and anti-nuclei ($d$, $\bar d$) observed in heavy-ion collisions originate from a non-equilibrium, multi-stage process: $Δ$-resonance production, decay into correlated nucleons, and their subsequent coalescence in a cooler hadronic environment. Although the final particle yields appear thermal, the underlying dynamics is strongly time-ordered and highly non-equilibrium. We show that this mechanism exhibits a striking universality with the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and associated density spikes in cosmological scalar-field dark-matter scenarios. In both systems -- the quark-gluon plasma near hadronization and the early universe approaching the BEC critical temperature -- the relevant degrees of freedom reorganize through a hierarchical cascade: high-energy modes first convert into intermediate excitations, which then seed low-energy coherent structures once the temperature crosses a threshold. This work highlights an unexpected theoretical bridge between heavy-ion physics and cosmology, suggesting a common class of emergent non-equilibrium phenomena behind structure formation in both extremes.
title Universal Non-Equilibrium Cascade in QGP Light-Nuclei Formation and Cosmological Bose-Einstein Condensation
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18538