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Main Authors:	Ito, Asuka, Kitano, Ryuichiro, Nakano, Wakutaka, Takai, Ryoto
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Atomic Physics Quantum Physics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19053
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author	Ito, Asuka Kitano, Ryuichiro Nakano, Wakutaka Takai, Ryoto
author_facet	Ito, Asuka Kitano, Ryuichiro Nakano, Wakutaka Takai, Ryoto
contents	A detection method for high-frequency gravitational waves using two-dimensional ion crystals is investigated. Gravitational waves can resonantly excite the drumhead modes of the ion crystal, particularly the parity-odd modes. In the optical dipole force protocol, entanglement between the drumhead modes and the collective spins transfers the excitation of the drumhead modes to the rotation of the total spin. Furthermore, gravitational wave detection beyond the standard quantum limit becomes possible as a squeezed spin state is generated through this entanglement. The sensitivity gets better with a larger ions crystals as well as a larger number of the ions. Future realization of large ion crystals can significantly improve the sensitivity to gravitational waves in the 10 kHz to 10 MHz region.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_19053
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Quantum sensing of high-frequency gravitational waves with ion crystals Ito, Asuka Kitano, Ryuichiro Nakano, Wakutaka Takai, Ryoto General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Atomic Physics Quantum Physics A detection method for high-frequency gravitational waves using two-dimensional ion crystals is investigated. Gravitational waves can resonantly excite the drumhead modes of the ion crystal, particularly the parity-odd modes. In the optical dipole force protocol, entanglement between the drumhead modes and the collective spins transfers the excitation of the drumhead modes to the rotation of the total spin. Furthermore, gravitational wave detection beyond the standard quantum limit becomes possible as a squeezed spin state is generated through this entanglement. The sensitivity gets better with a larger ions crystals as well as a larger number of the ions. Future realization of large ion crystals can significantly improve the sensitivity to gravitational waves in the 10 kHz to 10 MHz region.
title	Quantum sensing of high-frequency gravitational waves with ion crystals
topic	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Atomic Physics Quantum Physics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19053

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