Gap-free Information Transfer in 4D-STEM via Fusion of Complementary Scattering Channels

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: You, Shengbo, Varnavides, Georgios, Khavnekar, Sagar, Palatkin, Nikita, Shao, Sihan, Wu, Mingjian, Stroppa, Daniel, Chernikova, Darya, Zhu, Baixu, Egoavil, Ricardo, Vespucci, Stefano, Ye, Xingchen, Schur, Florian K. M., Spiecker, Erdmann, Pelz, Philipp
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author You, Shengbo
Varnavides, Georgios
Khavnekar, Sagar
Palatkin, Nikita
Shao, Sihan
Wu, Mingjian
Stroppa, Daniel
Chernikova, Darya
Zhu, Baixu
Egoavil, Ricardo
Vespucci, Stefano
Ye, Xingchen
Schur, Florian K. M.
Spiecker, Erdmann
Pelz, Philipp
author_facet You, Shengbo
Varnavides, Georgios
Khavnekar, Sagar
Palatkin, Nikita
Shao, Sihan
Wu, Mingjian
Stroppa, Daniel
Chernikova, Darya
Zhu, Baixu
Egoavil, Ricardo
Vespucci, Stefano
Ye, Xingchen
Schur, Florian K. M.
Spiecker, Erdmann
Pelz, Philipp
contents Linear phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques compatible with high-throughput 4D-STEM acquisition are widely used to enhance phase contrast in weakly scattering and beam-sensitive materials. In these modalities, contrast transfer is often suppressed at low spatial frequencies, resulting in a characteristic contrast gap that limits quantitative imaging. Approaches that retain low-frequency phase contrast exist but typically require substantially increased experimental complexity, restricting routine use. Dark-field STEM imaging captures this missing low-frequency information through electrons scattered outside the bright-field disk, but discards a large fraction of the scattered signal and is therefore dose-inefficient. Fused Full-field STEM (FF-STEM) is introduced as a 4D-STEM imaging modality that overcomes this limitation by combining ptychographic phase reconstruction with tilt-corrected dark-field imaging within a single acquisition. Bright-field data are used to estimate probe aberrations and reconstruct a high-resolution phase image, while dark-field data provide complementary low-frequency contrast. The two channels are optimally fused in Fourier space using minimum-variance weighting based on the spectral signal-to-noise ratio, yielding transfer-gap-free images with high contrast and quantitative fidelity. FF-STEM preserves the upsampling and depth-sectioning capabilities of ptychography, adds robust low-frequency contrast characteristic of dark-field imaging, and enables dose-efficient, near-real-time reconstruction.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_19460
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Gap-free Information Transfer in 4D-STEM via Fusion of Complementary Scattering Channels
You, Shengbo
Varnavides, Georgios
Khavnekar, Sagar
Palatkin, Nikita
Shao, Sihan
Wu, Mingjian
Stroppa, Daniel
Chernikova, Darya
Zhu, Baixu
Egoavil, Ricardo
Vespucci, Stefano
Ye, Xingchen
Schur, Florian K. M.
Spiecker, Erdmann
Pelz, Philipp
Optics
Materials Science
Computational Physics
Linear phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques compatible with high-throughput 4D-STEM acquisition are widely used to enhance phase contrast in weakly scattering and beam-sensitive materials. In these modalities, contrast transfer is often suppressed at low spatial frequencies, resulting in a characteristic contrast gap that limits quantitative imaging. Approaches that retain low-frequency phase contrast exist but typically require substantially increased experimental complexity, restricting routine use. Dark-field STEM imaging captures this missing low-frequency information through electrons scattered outside the bright-field disk, but discards a large fraction of the scattered signal and is therefore dose-inefficient. Fused Full-field STEM (FF-STEM) is introduced as a 4D-STEM imaging modality that overcomes this limitation by combining ptychographic phase reconstruction with tilt-corrected dark-field imaging within a single acquisition. Bright-field data are used to estimate probe aberrations and reconstruct a high-resolution phase image, while dark-field data provide complementary low-frequency contrast. The two channels are optimally fused in Fourier space using minimum-variance weighting based on the spectral signal-to-noise ratio, yielding transfer-gap-free images with high contrast and quantitative fidelity. FF-STEM preserves the upsampling and depth-sectioning capabilities of ptychography, adds robust low-frequency contrast characteristic of dark-field imaging, and enables dose-efficient, near-real-time reconstruction.
title Gap-free Information Transfer in 4D-STEM via Fusion of Complementary Scattering Channels
topic Optics
Materials Science
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19460