Bidirectional human-AI collaboration in brain tumour assessments improves both expert human and AI agent performance

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ruffle, James K, Mohinta, Samia, Pombo, Guilherme, Biswas, Asthik, Campbell, Alan, Davagnanam, Indran, Doig, David, Hammam, Ahmed, Hyare, Harpreet, Jabeen, Farrah, Lim, Emma, Mallon, Dermot, Owen, Stephanie, Wilkinson, Sophie, Brandner, Sebastian, Nachev, Parashkev
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ruffle, James K
Mohinta, Samia
Pombo, Guilherme
Biswas, Asthik
Campbell, Alan
Davagnanam, Indran
Doig, David
Hammam, Ahmed
Hyare, Harpreet
Jabeen, Farrah
Lim, Emma
Mallon, Dermot
Owen, Stephanie
Wilkinson, Sophie
Brandner, Sebastian
Nachev, Parashkev
author_facet Ruffle, James K
Mohinta, Samia
Pombo, Guilherme
Biswas, Asthik
Campbell, Alan
Davagnanam, Indran
Doig, David
Hammam, Ahmed
Hyare, Harpreet
Jabeen, Farrah
Lim, Emma
Mallon, Dermot
Owen, Stephanie
Wilkinson, Sophie
Brandner, Sebastian
Nachev, Parashkev
contents The benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) human partnerships-evaluating how AI agents enhance expert human performance-are increasingly studied. Though rarely evaluated in healthcare, an inverse approach is possible: AI benefiting from the support of an expert human agent. Here, we investigate both human-AI clinical partnership paradigms in the magnetic resonance imaging-guided characterisation of patients with brain tumours. We reveal that human-AI partnerships improve accuracy and metacognitive ability not only for radiologists supported by AI, but also for AI agents supported by radiologists. Moreover, the greatest patient benefit was evident with an AI agent supported by a human one. Synergistic improvements in agent accuracy, metacognitive performance, and inter-rater agreement suggest that AI can create more capable, confident, and consistent clinical agents, whether human or model-based. Our work suggests that the maximal value of AI in healthcare could emerge not from replacing human intelligence, but from AI agents that routinely leverage and amplify it.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_19707
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bidirectional human-AI collaboration in brain tumour assessments improves both expert human and AI agent performance
Ruffle, James K
Mohinta, Samia
Pombo, Guilherme
Biswas, Asthik
Campbell, Alan
Davagnanam, Indran
Doig, David
Hammam, Ahmed
Hyare, Harpreet
Jabeen, Farrah
Lim, Emma
Mallon, Dermot
Owen, Stephanie
Wilkinson, Sophie
Brandner, Sebastian
Nachev, Parashkev
Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
The benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) human partnerships-evaluating how AI agents enhance expert human performance-are increasingly studied. Though rarely evaluated in healthcare, an inverse approach is possible: AI benefiting from the support of an expert human agent. Here, we investigate both human-AI clinical partnership paradigms in the magnetic resonance imaging-guided characterisation of patients with brain tumours. We reveal that human-AI partnerships improve accuracy and metacognitive ability not only for radiologists supported by AI, but also for AI agents supported by radiologists. Moreover, the greatest patient benefit was evident with an AI agent supported by a human one. Synergistic improvements in agent accuracy, metacognitive performance, and inter-rater agreement suggest that AI can create more capable, confident, and consistent clinical agents, whether human or model-based. Our work suggests that the maximal value of AI in healthcare could emerge not from replacing human intelligence, but from AI agents that routinely leverage and amplify it.
title Bidirectional human-AI collaboration in brain tumour assessments improves both expert human and AI agent performance
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19707