Clust-PSI-PFL: A Population Stability Index Approach for Clustered Non-IID Personalized Federated Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Jimenez-Gutierrez, Daniel M., Hassanzadeh, Mehrdad, Solans, David, Elbamby, Mohammed, Kourtellis, Nicolas, Anagnostopoulos, Aris, Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis, Vitaletti, Andrea
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Jimenez-Gutierrez, Daniel M.
Hassanzadeh, Mehrdad
Solans, David
Elbamby, Mohammed
Kourtellis, Nicolas
Anagnostopoulos, Aris
Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis
Vitaletti, Andrea
author_facet Jimenez-Gutierrez, Daniel M.
Hassanzadeh, Mehrdad
Solans, David
Elbamby, Mohammed
Kourtellis, Nicolas
Anagnostopoulos, Aris
Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis
Vitaletti, Andrea
contents Federated learning (FL) supports privacy-preserving, decentralized machine learning (ML) model training by keeping data on client devices. However, non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data across clients biases updates and degrades performance. To alleviate these issues, we propose Clust-PSI-PFL, a clustering-based personalized FL framework that uses the Population Stability Index (PSI) to quantify the level of non-IID data. We compute a weighted PSI metric, $WPSI^L$, which we show to be more informative than common non-IID metrics (Hellinger, Jensen-Shannon, and Earth Mover's distance). Using PSI features, we form distributionally homogeneous groups of clients via K-means++; the number of optimal clusters is chosen by a systematic silhouette-based procedure, typically yielding few clusters with modest overhead. Across six datasets (tabular, image, and text modalities), two partition protocols (Dirichlet with parameter $α$ and Similarity with parameter S), and multiple client sizes, Clust-PSI-PFL delivers up to 18% higher global accuracy than state-of-the-art baselines and markedly improves client fairness by a relative improvement of 37% under severe non-IID data. These results establish PSI-guided clustering as a principled, lightweight mechanism for robust PFL under label skew.
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publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Clust-PSI-PFL: A Population Stability Index Approach for Clustered Non-IID Personalized Federated Learning
Jimenez-Gutierrez, Daniel M.
Hassanzadeh, Mehrdad
Solans, David
Elbamby, Mohammed
Kourtellis, Nicolas
Anagnostopoulos, Aris
Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis
Vitaletti, Andrea
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Applications
Federated learning (FL) supports privacy-preserving, decentralized machine learning (ML) model training by keeping data on client devices. However, non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data across clients biases updates and degrades performance. To alleviate these issues, we propose Clust-PSI-PFL, a clustering-based personalized FL framework that uses the Population Stability Index (PSI) to quantify the level of non-IID data. We compute a weighted PSI metric, $WPSI^L$, which we show to be more informative than common non-IID metrics (Hellinger, Jensen-Shannon, and Earth Mover's distance). Using PSI features, we form distributionally homogeneous groups of clients via K-means++; the number of optimal clusters is chosen by a systematic silhouette-based procedure, typically yielding few clusters with modest overhead. Across six datasets (tabular, image, and text modalities), two partition protocols (Dirichlet with parameter $α$ and Similarity with parameter S), and multiple client sizes, Clust-PSI-PFL delivers up to 18% higher global accuracy than state-of-the-art baselines and markedly improves client fairness by a relative improvement of 37% under severe non-IID data. These results establish PSI-guided clustering as a principled, lightweight mechanism for robust PFL under label skew.
title Clust-PSI-PFL: A Population Stability Index Approach for Clustered Non-IID Personalized Federated Learning
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Applications
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20363