Signatures of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves in Electromagnetic Cavities
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866917166994948096 |
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| author | Schenk, Sebastian Schmieden, Kristof Schwaller, Pedro |
| author_facet | Schenk, Sebastian Schmieden, Kristof Schwaller, Pedro |
| contents | Similar to axions, gravitational waves (GW) can induce oscillating electromagnetic fields inside electromagnetic cavities. We explore their experimental sensitivity to monochromatic and non-monochromatic GW signals, using the total deposited energy as a primary measure. Focusing on cylindrical and spherical cavities, we present the coupling coefficients of GWs to the dominant electromagnetic resonances in transverse-traceless gauge, which is most appropriate in this regime. By considering the superposition of degenerate modes, we further examine their angular sensitivity. In addition, we calculate the response of a spherical cavity to non-monochromatic GWs emitted by primordial black hole mergers. We find that, for transient signals, a high quality factor with $Q \gtrsim 10^5$ does not necessarily enhance experimental sensitivity. In fact, even in the most optimistic scenario, only mergers within the solar system yield an observable energy deposit in the cavity. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_20592 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Signatures of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves in Electromagnetic Cavities Schenk, Sebastian Schmieden, Kristof Schwaller, Pedro High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Experiment Similar to axions, gravitational waves (GW) can induce oscillating electromagnetic fields inside electromagnetic cavities. We explore their experimental sensitivity to monochromatic and non-monochromatic GW signals, using the total deposited energy as a primary measure. Focusing on cylindrical and spherical cavities, we present the coupling coefficients of GWs to the dominant electromagnetic resonances in transverse-traceless gauge, which is most appropriate in this regime. By considering the superposition of degenerate modes, we further examine their angular sensitivity. In addition, we calculate the response of a spherical cavity to non-monochromatic GWs emitted by primordial black hole mergers. We find that, for transient signals, a high quality factor with $Q \gtrsim 10^5$ does not necessarily enhance experimental sensitivity. In fact, even in the most optimistic scenario, only mergers within the solar system yield an observable energy deposit in the cavity. |
| title | Signatures of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves in Electromagnetic Cavities |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20592 |