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Main Authors: Lee, Suhyeon, Nguyen, Dieu-Huyen, Lee, Donghwan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20864
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author Lee, Suhyeon
Nguyen, Dieu-Huyen
Lee, Donghwan
author_facet Lee, Suhyeon
Nguyen, Dieu-Huyen
Lee, Donghwan
contents Blockchains offer a decentralized and secure execution environment strong enough to host cryptocurrencies, but the state-replication model makes on-chain computation expensive. To avoid heavy on-chain workloads, systems like Truebit and optimistic rollups use challenge-based protocols, performing computations off-chain and invoking the chain only when challenged. This keeps normal-case costs low and, if at least one honest challenger exists, can catch fraud. What has been less clear is whether honest challengers are actually incentivized and a dishonest proposer is properly damaged under the worst case environment. We build a model with a colluding minority, heterogeneous costs, and three ordering modes. We then ask whether two goals can be met together: honest non-loss and fraud deterrence. Our results are clear: in single-winner designs, the incentive design is impossible or limited in scale. By contrast, in multi-winner designs, we obtain simple, explicit conditions under which both goals hold.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_20864
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle (Im)possibility of Incentive Design for Challenge-based Blockchain Protocols
Lee, Suhyeon
Nguyen, Dieu-Huyen
Lee, Donghwan
Computer Science and Game Theory
Blockchains offer a decentralized and secure execution environment strong enough to host cryptocurrencies, but the state-replication model makes on-chain computation expensive. To avoid heavy on-chain workloads, systems like Truebit and optimistic rollups use challenge-based protocols, performing computations off-chain and invoking the chain only when challenged. This keeps normal-case costs low and, if at least one honest challenger exists, can catch fraud. What has been less clear is whether honest challengers are actually incentivized and a dishonest proposer is properly damaged under the worst case environment. We build a model with a colluding minority, heterogeneous costs, and three ordering modes. We then ask whether two goals can be met together: honest non-loss and fraud deterrence. Our results are clear: in single-winner designs, the incentive design is impossible or limited in scale. By contrast, in multi-winner designs, we obtain simple, explicit conditions under which both goals hold.
title (Im)possibility of Incentive Design for Challenge-based Blockchain Protocols
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20864