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Main Authors: Wong, Wan Ki, To, Ka Ho, Chau, Chuck-jee, Wong, Lucas, Yip, Kevin Y., King, Irwin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21324
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author Wong, Wan Ki
To, Ka Ho
Chau, Chuck-jee
Wong, Lucas
Yip, Kevin Y.
King, Irwin
author_facet Wong, Wan Ki
To, Ka Ho
Chau, Chuck-jee
Wong, Lucas
Yip, Kevin Y.
King, Irwin
contents In this study, we present a novel automatic piano reduction method with semi-supervised machine learning. Piano reduction is an important music transformation process, which helps musicians and composers as a musical sketch for performances and analysis. The automation of such is a highly challenging research problem but could bring huge conveniences as manually doing a piano reduction takes a lot of time and effort. While supervised machine learning is often a useful tool for learning input-output mappings, it is difficult to obtain a large quantity of labelled data. We aim to solve this problem by utilizing semi-supervised learning, so that the abundant available data in classical music can be leveraged to perform the task with little or no labelling effort. In this regard, we formulate a two-step approach of music simplification followed by harmonization. We further propose and implement two possible solutions making use of an existing machine learning framework -- MidiBERT. We show that our solutions can output practical and realistic samples with an accurate reduction that needs only small adjustments in post-processing. Our study forms the groundwork for the use of semi-supervised learning in automatic piano reduction, where future researchers can take reference to produce more state-of-the-art results.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_21324
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards Practical Automatic Piano Reduction using BERT with Semi-supervised Learning
Wong, Wan Ki
To, Ka Ho
Chau, Chuck-jee
Wong, Lucas
Yip, Kevin Y.
King, Irwin
Sound
Symbolic Computation
In this study, we present a novel automatic piano reduction method with semi-supervised machine learning. Piano reduction is an important music transformation process, which helps musicians and composers as a musical sketch for performances and analysis. The automation of such is a highly challenging research problem but could bring huge conveniences as manually doing a piano reduction takes a lot of time and effort. While supervised machine learning is often a useful tool for learning input-output mappings, it is difficult to obtain a large quantity of labelled data. We aim to solve this problem by utilizing semi-supervised learning, so that the abundant available data in classical music can be leveraged to perform the task with little or no labelling effort. In this regard, we formulate a two-step approach of music simplification followed by harmonization. We further propose and implement two possible solutions making use of an existing machine learning framework -- MidiBERT. We show that our solutions can output practical and realistic samples with an accurate reduction that needs only small adjustments in post-processing. Our study forms the groundwork for the use of semi-supervised learning in automatic piano reduction, where future researchers can take reference to produce more state-of-the-art results.
title Towards Practical Automatic Piano Reduction using BERT with Semi-supervised Learning
topic Sound
Symbolic Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21324