Criticality as a Universal Thermodynamic Requirement for Perfect Intrinsic Superconducting Diodes
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915694026686464 |
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| author | Hosur, Pavan |
| author_facet | Hosur, Pavan |
| contents | Superconducting diodes promise dissipation-less rectification, yet intrinsic platforms invariably have very low efficiencies. We reveal a fundamental thermodynamic origin of this behavior that is independent of microscopic details. Denoting $ε= I_c^-/I_c^+$, where $I_c^\pm$ are critical current magnitudes in opposite directions with $I_c^+>I_c^-$ by convention, we show that $ε=0$ is impossible without fine-tuning, while $ε\to0$ can occur but only upon tuning to a critical point \emph{within} the superconducting state. Away from such internal instabilities, using general Landau theory, we derive a lower bound on $ε$ that limits intrinsic diode performance. We illustrate these ideas in a minimal superconductor-Ising model, where the strong nonreciprocity can be seen explicitly. In particular, if the internal transition is continuous, we show that the scaling of $ε$ near the transition is locked to known critical exponents. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_21384 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Criticality as a Universal Thermodynamic Requirement for Perfect Intrinsic Superconducting Diodes Hosur, Pavan Superconductivity Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons Superconducting diodes promise dissipation-less rectification, yet intrinsic platforms invariably have very low efficiencies. We reveal a fundamental thermodynamic origin of this behavior that is independent of microscopic details. Denoting $ε= I_c^-/I_c^+$, where $I_c^\pm$ are critical current magnitudes in opposite directions with $I_c^+>I_c^-$ by convention, we show that $ε=0$ is impossible without fine-tuning, while $ε\to0$ can occur but only upon tuning to a critical point \emph{within} the superconducting state. Away from such internal instabilities, using general Landau theory, we derive a lower bound on $ε$ that limits intrinsic diode performance. We illustrate these ideas in a minimal superconductor-Ising model, where the strong nonreciprocity can be seen explicitly. In particular, if the internal transition is continuous, we show that the scaling of $ε$ near the transition is locked to known critical exponents. |
| title | Criticality as a Universal Thermodynamic Requirement for Perfect Intrinsic Superconducting Diodes |
| topic | Superconductivity Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21384 |