Asymptotic Momentum of Dirac Particles in One Space Dimension

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Narayanan, Kabir, Perryman, Abigail, Tahvildar-Zadeh, A. Shadi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866914220163989504
author Narayanan, Kabir
Perryman, Abigail
Tahvildar-Zadeh, A. Shadi
author_facet Narayanan, Kabir
Perryman, Abigail
Tahvildar-Zadeh, A. Shadi
contents We analyze the trajectories of a massive particle in one space dimension whose motion is guided by a spin-half wave function that evolves according to the free Dirac equation, with its initial wave function being a Gaussian wave packet with a nonzero expected value of momentum $k$ and the positive expected value of energy $E = \sqrt{m^2+k^2}$. We prove that at large times, the wave function becomes {\em locally} a plane wave, which corresponds to trajectories with fixed values for asymptotic momentum $k$ and asymptotic energy $E$ or $-E$. The sign of the asymptotic energy is determined by the initial position of the particle. Particles with negative energy will have an asymptotic velocity that is in the opposite direction of their momentum. The proof uses the stationary phase approximation method, for which we establish a rigorous error bound.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_21423
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Asymptotic Momentum of Dirac Particles in One Space Dimension
Narayanan, Kabir
Perryman, Abigail
Tahvildar-Zadeh, A. Shadi
Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
Quantum Physics
35Q41, 35B40, 81Q05, 81Q20
We analyze the trajectories of a massive particle in one space dimension whose motion is guided by a spin-half wave function that evolves according to the free Dirac equation, with its initial wave function being a Gaussian wave packet with a nonzero expected value of momentum $k$ and the positive expected value of energy $E = \sqrt{m^2+k^2}$. We prove that at large times, the wave function becomes {\em locally} a plane wave, which corresponds to trajectories with fixed values for asymptotic momentum $k$ and asymptotic energy $E$ or $-E$. The sign of the asymptotic energy is determined by the initial position of the particle. Particles with negative energy will have an asymptotic velocity that is in the opposite direction of their momentum. The proof uses the stationary phase approximation method, for which we establish a rigorous error bound.
title Asymptotic Momentum of Dirac Particles in One Space Dimension
topic Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
Quantum Physics
35Q41, 35B40, 81Q05, 81Q20
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21423