Incorporating rank-free coupling and external field via an incoherent modulated spatial photonic Ising machine
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915999545032704 |
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| author | Zheng, Ze Li, Yuegang Xu, Hang Huang, Jingzheng Xiao, Tailong Zeng, Guihua |
| author_facet | Zheng, Ze Li, Yuegang Xu, Hang Huang, Jingzheng Xiao, Tailong Zeng, Guihua |
| contents | Spatial photonic Ising machines offer a novel optical platform for optimization and spin-model simulation, but existing diffraction-based schemes rely on auxiliary spins or multiplexing to encode high-rank couplings and external fields, reducing either speed or spin count. We demonstrate an amplitude-only, rank-free spatial photonic Ising machine in which arbitrary Ising Hamiltonians are encoded as Hadamard products on aligned amplitude and binary spatial modulators and read out by a single-pixel intensity measurement. The machine directly programs fully connected 797-spin Ising models with external fields at nearly 9-bit precision and operates at a constant iteration rate of ~200 Hz. By removing zero-valued product terms, the same architecture scales to sparse problems and experimentally solves a Max-Cut instance on a 424,108-vertex Mobius ladder graph. We also observe the phase transition of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, demonstrating programmable optical simulation beyond low-rank couplings. These results establish amplitude modulation as a scalable route to programmable photonic Ising machines. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_21587 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Incorporating rank-free coupling and external field via an incoherent modulated spatial photonic Ising machine Zheng, Ze Li, Yuegang Xu, Hang Huang, Jingzheng Xiao, Tailong Zeng, Guihua Optics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks Machine Learning Mathematical Physics Applied Physics Spatial photonic Ising machines offer a novel optical platform for optimization and spin-model simulation, but existing diffraction-based schemes rely on auxiliary spins or multiplexing to encode high-rank couplings and external fields, reducing either speed or spin count. We demonstrate an amplitude-only, rank-free spatial photonic Ising machine in which arbitrary Ising Hamiltonians are encoded as Hadamard products on aligned amplitude and binary spatial modulators and read out by a single-pixel intensity measurement. The machine directly programs fully connected 797-spin Ising models with external fields at nearly 9-bit precision and operates at a constant iteration rate of ~200 Hz. By removing zero-valued product terms, the same architecture scales to sparse problems and experimentally solves a Max-Cut instance on a 424,108-vertex Mobius ladder graph. We also observe the phase transition of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, demonstrating programmable optical simulation beyond low-rank couplings. These results establish amplitude modulation as a scalable route to programmable photonic Ising machines. |
| title | Incorporating rank-free coupling and external field via an incoherent modulated spatial photonic Ising machine |
| topic | Optics Disordered Systems and Neural Networks Machine Learning Mathematical Physics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21587 |