Numerical Twin with Two Dimensional Ornstein--Uhlenbeck Processes of Transient Oscillations in EEG signal

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Main Authors: Michel, P. O., Sun, C., Jaffard, S., Longrois, D., Holcman, D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866914288569942016
author Michel, P. O.
Sun, C.
Jaffard, S.
Longrois, D.
Holcman, D.
author_facet Michel, P. O.
Sun, C.
Jaffard, S.
Longrois, D.
Holcman, D.
contents Stochastic burst-like oscillations are common in physiological signals, yet there are few compact generative models that capture their transient structure. We propose a numerical-twin framework that represents transient narrowband activity as a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with three interpretable parameters: decay rate, mean frequency, and noise amplitude. We develop two complementary estimation strategies. The first fits the power spectral density, amplitude distribution, and autocorrelation to recover OU-parameters. The second segments burst events and performs a statistical match between empirical spindle statistics (duration, amplitude, inter-event interval) and simulated OU output via grid search, resolving parameter degeneracies by including event counts. We extend the framework to multiple frequency bands and piecewise-stationary dynamics to track slow parameter drifts. Applied to electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during general anesthesia, the method identifies OU models that reproduce alpha-spindle (8-12 Hz) morphology and band-limited spectra with low residual error, enabling real-time tracking of state changes that are not apparent from band power alone. This decomposition yields a sparse, interpretable representation of transient oscillations and provides interpretable metrics for brain monitoring.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_21768
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Numerical Twin with Two Dimensional Ornstein--Uhlenbeck Processes of Transient Oscillations in EEG signal
Michel, P. O.
Sun, C.
Jaffard, S.
Longrois, D.
Holcman, D.
Neurons and Cognition
92-08,
J.3
Stochastic burst-like oscillations are common in physiological signals, yet there are few compact generative models that capture their transient structure. We propose a numerical-twin framework that represents transient narrowband activity as a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with three interpretable parameters: decay rate, mean frequency, and noise amplitude. We develop two complementary estimation strategies. The first fits the power spectral density, amplitude distribution, and autocorrelation to recover OU-parameters. The second segments burst events and performs a statistical match between empirical spindle statistics (duration, amplitude, inter-event interval) and simulated OU output via grid search, resolving parameter degeneracies by including event counts. We extend the framework to multiple frequency bands and piecewise-stationary dynamics to track slow parameter drifts. Applied to electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during general anesthesia, the method identifies OU models that reproduce alpha-spindle (8-12 Hz) morphology and band-limited spectra with low residual error, enabling real-time tracking of state changes that are not apparent from band power alone. This decomposition yields a sparse, interpretable representation of transient oscillations and provides interpretable metrics for brain monitoring.
title Numerical Twin with Two Dimensional Ornstein--Uhlenbeck Processes of Transient Oscillations in EEG signal
topic Neurons and Cognition
92-08,
J.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21768