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Hauptverfasser: Boutorh, Aicha, Baghdadi, Kamar Hibatallah, Daoud, Anais
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21786
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author Boutorh, Aicha
Baghdadi, Kamar Hibatallah
Daoud, Anais
author_facet Boutorh, Aicha
Baghdadi, Kamar Hibatallah
Daoud, Anais
contents Genomic prediction of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is often hindered by complex epistatic interactions and variable sequencing quality. We present the Interpretable Variant-Aware Multi-Path Network (VAMP-Net), a novel architecture addressing these challenges through a dual-pathway approach. Path-1 utilizes a Set Attention Transformer to model permutation-invariant variant sets and capture epistatic dependencies, while Path-2 employs a 1D-CNN to analyze VCF quality metrics for adaptive confidence scoring. Evaluated on four critical anti-TB drugs, VAMP-Net significantly outperforms baseline CNN and MLP models, achieving accuracies > 95% and AUCs around 0.97 for Rifampicin and Rifabutin. Feature attribution analysis via Integrated Gradients successfully recovered canonical targets (rpoB, embB, katG) and discovered high-impact novel loci. Functional enrichment confirmed these novel variants constitute non-random metabolic modules (p=0.00239) centered on cell-wall remodeling. Furthermore, systematic ablation of the Quality-Aware pathway demonstrates that the model performs a learned "integrated audit," prioritizing the Fraction of Supporting Reads and relative confidence over raw depth to mitigate technical noise. This dual-layer interpretability, bridging genomic pathogenicity with technical reliability, establishes a new paradigm for robust, auditable, and clinically actionable resistance prediction, positioning VAMP-Net as an important tool for both diagnostic classification and mechanistic discovery in clinical genomics.
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publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle VAMP-Net: An Interpretable Multi-Path Network of Genomic Permutation-Invariant Set Attention and Quality-Aware 1D-CNN for MTB Drug Resistance
Boutorh, Aicha
Baghdadi, Kamar Hibatallah
Daoud, Anais
Machine Learning
Genomic prediction of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is often hindered by complex epistatic interactions and variable sequencing quality. We present the Interpretable Variant-Aware Multi-Path Network (VAMP-Net), a novel architecture addressing these challenges through a dual-pathway approach. Path-1 utilizes a Set Attention Transformer to model permutation-invariant variant sets and capture epistatic dependencies, while Path-2 employs a 1D-CNN to analyze VCF quality metrics for adaptive confidence scoring. Evaluated on four critical anti-TB drugs, VAMP-Net significantly outperforms baseline CNN and MLP models, achieving accuracies > 95% and AUCs around 0.97 for Rifampicin and Rifabutin. Feature attribution analysis via Integrated Gradients successfully recovered canonical targets (rpoB, embB, katG) and discovered high-impact novel loci. Functional enrichment confirmed these novel variants constitute non-random metabolic modules (p=0.00239) centered on cell-wall remodeling. Furthermore, systematic ablation of the Quality-Aware pathway demonstrates that the model performs a learned "integrated audit," prioritizing the Fraction of Supporting Reads and relative confidence over raw depth to mitigate technical noise. This dual-layer interpretability, bridging genomic pathogenicity with technical reliability, establishes a new paradigm for robust, auditable, and clinically actionable resistance prediction, positioning VAMP-Net as an important tool for both diagnostic classification and mechanistic discovery in clinical genomics.
title VAMP-Net: An Interpretable Multi-Path Network of Genomic Permutation-Invariant Set Attention and Quality-Aware 1D-CNN for MTB Drug Resistance
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21786