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Multiband optical variability on diverse timescales of the blazar Ton 599 from 2011 to 2023

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Vince, O., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Gupta, A. C., Kovačević-Dojčinović, J., Lakićević, M., Popović, L. Č., Kushwaha, P., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Carosati, D., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Weaver, Z. R., Webb, J. R., Smith, P. S., Chen, W. P., Tsai, A., Lin, H. C., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, L. V., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Y. V., Vasilyev, A. A., Zhovtan, A. V., Shishkina, E. V., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Kurtanidze, S. O., Ivanidze, R., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Carnerero, M. I., Damljanović, G., Stojanovic, M., Jovanovic, M. D., Vlasyuk, V. V., Spiridonova, O. I., Moskvitin, A. S., Pursimo, T., Elsässer, D., Feige, M., Kunkel, L., Ledermann, J., Reinhart, D., Scherbantin, A., Schoch, K., Steineke, R., Lorey, C., Agudo, I., Pedrosa, J. Escudero, Aceituno, F. J., Bonnoli, G., Casanova, V., Morcuende, D., Sota, A., Bozhilov, V., Valcheva, A., Zaharieva, E., Minev, M., Strigachev, A., Bachev, R., Mihov, B., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Sadun, A. C., Takey, A., Shokry, A., El-Sadek, M. A., Verna, A. Marchiniand G.
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2025
Soggetti:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Vince, O. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Gupta, A. C. Kovačević-Dojčinović, J. Lakićević, M. Popović, L. Č. Kushwaha, P. Mirzaqulov, D. O. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Carosati, D. Jorstad, S. G. Marscher, A. P. Weaver, Z. R. Webb, J. R. Smith, P. S. Chen, W. P. Tsai, A. Lin, H. C. Borman, G. A. Grishina, T. S. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Kopatskaya, E. N. Larionova, E. G. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, L. V. Morozova, D. A. Savchenko, S. S. Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Vasilyev, A. A. Zhovtan, A. V. Shishkina, E. V. Kurtanidze, O. M. Nikolashvili, M. G. Kurtanidze, S. O. Ivanidze, R. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Carnerero, M. I. Damljanović, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Vlasyuk, V. V. Spiridonova, O. I. Moskvitin, A. S. Pursimo, T. Elsässer, D. Feige, M. Kunkel, L. Ledermann, J. Reinhart, D. Scherbantin, A. Schoch, K. Steineke, R. Lorey, C. Agudo, I. Pedrosa, J. Escudero Aceituno, F. J. Bonnoli, G. Casanova, V. Morcuende, D. Sota, A. Bozhilov, V. Valcheva, A. Zaharieva, E. Minev, M. Strigachev, A. Bachev, R. Mihov, B. Slavcheva-Mihova, L. Sadun, A. C. Takey, A. Shokry, A. El-Sadek, M. A. Verna, A. Marchiniand G.
author_facet	Vince, O. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Gupta, A. C. Kovačević-Dojčinović, J. Lakićević, M. Popović, L. Č. Kushwaha, P. Mirzaqulov, D. O. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Carosati, D. Jorstad, S. G. Marscher, A. P. Weaver, Z. R. Webb, J. R. Smith, P. S. Chen, W. P. Tsai, A. Lin, H. C. Borman, G. A. Grishina, T. S. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Kopatskaya, E. N. Larionova, E. G. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, L. V. Morozova, D. A. Savchenko, S. S. Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Vasilyev, A. A. Zhovtan, A. V. Shishkina, E. V. Kurtanidze, O. M. Nikolashvili, M. G. Kurtanidze, S. O. Ivanidze, R. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Carnerero, M. I. Damljanović, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Vlasyuk, V. V. Spiridonova, O. I. Moskvitin, A. S. Pursimo, T. Elsässer, D. Feige, M. Kunkel, L. Ledermann, J. Reinhart, D. Scherbantin, A. Schoch, K. Steineke, R. Lorey, C. Agudo, I. Pedrosa, J. Escudero Aceituno, F. J. Bonnoli, G. Casanova, V. Morcuende, D. Sota, A. Bozhilov, V. Valcheva, A. Zaharieva, E. Minev, M. Strigachev, A. Bachev, R. Mihov, B. Slavcheva-Mihova, L. Sadun, A. C. Takey, A. Shokry, A. El-Sadek, M. A. Verna, A. Marchiniand G.
contents	(Shortened)Context: We analyze the optical variability of the FSRQ Ton 599 using BVRI photometry from the WEBT collaboration (2011-2023), complemented by photometric and spectroscopic data from the Steward Observatory.\\ Aims: To characterize short- and long-term optical variability -- including flux distributions, intranight changes, color evolution, and spectra -- to constrain physical parameters and processes in the central engine.\\ Methods: We tested flux distributions in each filter against normal and log-normal, explored the RMS-flux relation and derived PSDs. We quantified intranight variability using a $χ^2$ test and fractional variability. From variability timescales, we estimated the emitting region size and magnetic field. Long-term variability was studied by segmenting the light curve into 12 intervals and analyzing flux statistics. For multi-filter flares, we computed spectral slopes, redshift-corrected fluxes, monochromatic luminosities and generated Color-magnitude and color-time diagrams. From low-flux spectra, we measured Mg II line and estimated the black hole mass.\\ Results: Ton 599 showed strong optical variability. Log-normal distributions fit the fluxes better, and all bands show a positive RMS-flux relation with red-noise PSDs.Intranight variability is detected, and used in constraining the emission region and magnetic field.The R band reaches a peak flux of 23.5 mJy, corresponding to a monochromatic luminosity of $log(νLν)= 48.48 [erg/s]$. We found a redder-when-brighter trend at low fluxes (thermal), achromatic behavior at intermediate levels (possibly due to jet orientation changes), and a bluer-when-brighter trend at high fluxes (synchrotron). Long-term color changes are modest, short-term are significant, with a negative correlation between the amplitude of color changes and the average flux. The estimated SMBH mass is order of $10^8 M_\odot$.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_22028
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Multiband optical variability on diverse timescales of the blazar Ton 599 from 2011 to 2023 Vince, O. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Gupta, A. C. Kovačević-Dojčinović, J. Lakićević, M. Popović, L. Č. Kushwaha, P. Mirzaqulov, D. O. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Carosati, D. Jorstad, S. G. Marscher, A. P. Weaver, Z. R. Webb, J. R. Smith, P. S. Chen, W. P. Tsai, A. Lin, H. C. Borman, G. A. Grishina, T. S. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Kopatskaya, E. N. Larionova, E. G. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, L. V. Morozova, D. A. Savchenko, S. S. Troitskiy, I. S. Troitskaya, Y. V. Vasilyev, A. A. Zhovtan, A. V. Shishkina, E. V. Kurtanidze, O. M. Nikolashvili, M. G. Kurtanidze, S. O. Ivanidze, R. Acosta-Pulido, J. A. Carnerero, M. I. Damljanović, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Vlasyuk, V. V. Spiridonova, O. I. Moskvitin, A. S. Pursimo, T. Elsässer, D. Feige, M. Kunkel, L. Ledermann, J. Reinhart, D. Scherbantin, A. Schoch, K. Steineke, R. Lorey, C. Agudo, I. Pedrosa, J. Escudero Aceituno, F. J. Bonnoli, G. Casanova, V. Morcuende, D. Sota, A. Bozhilov, V. Valcheva, A. Zaharieva, E. Minev, M. Strigachev, A. Bachev, R. Mihov, B. Slavcheva-Mihova, L. Sadun, A. C. Takey, A. Shokry, A. El-Sadek, M. A. Verna, A. Marchiniand G. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies (Shortened)Context: We analyze the optical variability of the FSRQ Ton 599 using BVRI photometry from the WEBT collaboration (2011-2023), complemented by photometric and spectroscopic data from the Steward Observatory.\\ Aims: To characterize short- and long-term optical variability -- including flux distributions, intranight changes, color evolution, and spectra -- to constrain physical parameters and processes in the central engine.\\ Methods: We tested flux distributions in each filter against normal and log-normal, explored the RMS-flux relation and derived PSDs. We quantified intranight variability using a $χ^2$ test and fractional variability. From variability timescales, we estimated the emitting region size and magnetic field. Long-term variability was studied by segmenting the light curve into 12 intervals and analyzing flux statistics. For multi-filter flares, we computed spectral slopes, redshift-corrected fluxes, monochromatic luminosities and generated Color-magnitude and color-time diagrams. From low-flux spectra, we measured Mg II line and estimated the black hole mass.\\ Results: Ton 599 showed strong optical variability. Log-normal distributions fit the fluxes better, and all bands show a positive RMS-flux relation with red-noise PSDs.Intranight variability is detected, and used in constraining the emission region and magnetic field.The R band reaches a peak flux of 23.5 mJy, corresponding to a monochromatic luminosity of $log(νLν)= 48.48 [erg/s]$. We found a redder-when-brighter trend at low fluxes (thermal), achromatic behavior at intermediate levels (possibly due to jet orientation changes), and a bluer-when-brighter trend at high fluxes (synchrotron). Long-term color changes are modest, short-term are significant, with a negative correlation between the amplitude of color changes and the average flux. The estimated SMBH mass is order of $10^8 M_\odot$.
title	Multiband optical variability on diverse timescales of the blazar Ton 599 from 2011 to 2023
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22028