Clutter-Robust Vision-Language-Action Models through Object-Centric and Geometry Grounding

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Vo, Khoa, Hanyu, Taisei, Ikebe, Yuki, Pham, Trong Thang, Chung, Nhat, Vu, Minh Nhat, Minh, Duy Nguyen Ho, Nguyen, Anh, Gunderman, Anthony, Rainwater, Chase, Le, Ngan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Vo, Khoa
Hanyu, Taisei
Ikebe, Yuki
Pham, Trong Thang
Chung, Nhat
Vu, Minh Nhat
Minh, Duy Nguyen Ho
Nguyen, Anh
Gunderman, Anthony
Rainwater, Chase
Le, Ngan
author_facet Vo, Khoa
Hanyu, Taisei
Ikebe, Yuki
Pham, Trong Thang
Chung, Nhat
Vu, Minh Nhat
Minh, Duy Nguyen Ho
Nguyen, Anh
Gunderman, Anthony
Rainwater, Chase
Le, Ngan
contents Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have made impressive progress toward general-purpose robotic manipulation by post-training large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for action prediction. Yet most VLAs entangle perception and control in a monolithic pipeline optimized purely for action, which can erode language-conditioned grounding. In our real-world tabletop tests, policies over-grasp when the target is absent, are distracted by clutter, and overfit to background appearance. To address these issues, we propose OBEYED-VLA (OBject-centric and gEometrY groundED VLA), a framework that explicitly disentangles perceptual grounding from action reasoning. Instead of operating directly on raw RGB, OBEYED-VLA augments VLAs with a perception module that grounds multi-view inputs into task-conditioned, object-centric, and geometry-aware observations. This module includes a VLM-based object-centric grounding stage that selects task-relevant object regions across camera views, along with a complementary geometric grounding stage that emphasizes the 3D structure of these objects over their appearance. The resulting grounded views are then fed to a pretrained VLA policy, which we fine-tune exclusively on single-object demonstrations collected without environmental clutter or non-target objects. On a real-world UR10e tabletop setup, OBEYED-VLA substantially improves robustness over strong VLA baselines across four challenging regimes and multiple difficulty levels: distractor objects, absent-target rejection, background appearance changes, and cluttered manipulation of unseen objects. Ablation studies confirm that both semantic grounding and geometry-aware grounding are critical to these gains. Overall, the results indicate that making perception an explicit, object-centric component is an effective way to strengthen and generalize VLA-based robotic manipulation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_22519
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Clutter-Robust Vision-Language-Action Models through Object-Centric and Geometry Grounding
Vo, Khoa
Hanyu, Taisei
Ikebe, Yuki
Pham, Trong Thang
Chung, Nhat
Vu, Minh Nhat
Minh, Duy Nguyen Ho
Nguyen, Anh
Gunderman, Anthony
Rainwater, Chase
Le, Ngan
Robotics
Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have made impressive progress toward general-purpose robotic manipulation by post-training large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for action prediction. Yet most VLAs entangle perception and control in a monolithic pipeline optimized purely for action, which can erode language-conditioned grounding. In our real-world tabletop tests, policies over-grasp when the target is absent, are distracted by clutter, and overfit to background appearance. To address these issues, we propose OBEYED-VLA (OBject-centric and gEometrY groundED VLA), a framework that explicitly disentangles perceptual grounding from action reasoning. Instead of operating directly on raw RGB, OBEYED-VLA augments VLAs with a perception module that grounds multi-view inputs into task-conditioned, object-centric, and geometry-aware observations. This module includes a VLM-based object-centric grounding stage that selects task-relevant object regions across camera views, along with a complementary geometric grounding stage that emphasizes the 3D structure of these objects over their appearance. The resulting grounded views are then fed to a pretrained VLA policy, which we fine-tune exclusively on single-object demonstrations collected without environmental clutter or non-target objects. On a real-world UR10e tabletop setup, OBEYED-VLA substantially improves robustness over strong VLA baselines across four challenging regimes and multiple difficulty levels: distractor objects, absent-target rejection, background appearance changes, and cluttered manipulation of unseen objects. Ablation studies confirm that both semantic grounding and geometry-aware grounding are critical to these gains. Overall, the results indicate that making perception an explicit, object-centric component is an effective way to strengthen and generalize VLA-based robotic manipulation.
title Clutter-Robust Vision-Language-Action Models through Object-Centric and Geometry Grounding
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22519