New Constraints on Cosmic-ray boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter via Light Mediators
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Yu, Yang Wang, Guan-Sen Zhang, Bo Tang, Tian-Peng Su, Bing-Yu Feng, Lei |
| author_facet | Yu, Yang Wang, Guan-Sen Zhang, Bo Tang, Tian-Peng Su, Bing-Yu Feng, Lei |
| contents | Traditional direct detection experiments lack the sensitivity to probe the sub-GeV dark matter (DM), primarily due to the low energy of the expected nuclear recoils. In this work, we investigate cosmic-ray (CR) upscattering as a mechanism to accelerate DM particles to detectable velocities in underground experiments. By analyzing four models of DM-nucleon interactions -- namely scalar, vector, pseudoscalar, and axial-vector mediators -- we derive constraints on the coupling parameters using data from the LZ, XENON, and Borexino experiments, covering mediator mass from $10^{-6}$ to $1$ GeV. As the mediator mass varies, the shift in dominance between momentum transfer and mediator mass leads to a turnover in the constraints around $10^{-2}$--$10^{-3}~\mathrm{GeV}$. Our results extend the reach of direct detection into the sub-GeV window and clarify the critical role of momentum dependence in light-mediator scenarios. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_23282 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | New Constraints on Cosmic-ray boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter via Light Mediators Yu, Yang Wang, Guan-Sen Zhang, Bo Tang, Tian-Peng Su, Bing-Yu Feng, Lei High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Traditional direct detection experiments lack the sensitivity to probe the sub-GeV dark matter (DM), primarily due to the low energy of the expected nuclear recoils. In this work, we investigate cosmic-ray (CR) upscattering as a mechanism to accelerate DM particles to detectable velocities in underground experiments. By analyzing four models of DM-nucleon interactions -- namely scalar, vector, pseudoscalar, and axial-vector mediators -- we derive constraints on the coupling parameters using data from the LZ, XENON, and Borexino experiments, covering mediator mass from $10^{-6}$ to $1$ GeV. As the mediator mass varies, the shift in dominance between momentum transfer and mediator mass leads to a turnover in the constraints around $10^{-2}$--$10^{-3}~\mathrm{GeV}$. Our results extend the reach of direct detection into the sub-GeV window and clarify the critical role of momentum dependence in light-mediator scenarios. |
| title | New Constraints on Cosmic-ray boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter via Light Mediators |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23282 |