Probabilistic Modelling is Sufficient for Causal Inference

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mlodozeniec, Bruno, Krueger, David, Turner, Richard E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mlodozeniec, Bruno
Krueger, David
Turner, Richard E.
author_facet Mlodozeniec, Bruno
Krueger, David
Turner, Richard E.
contents Causal inference is a key research area in machine learning, yet confusion reigns over the tools needed to tackle it. There are prevalent claims in the machine learning literature that you need a bespoke causal framework or notation to answer causal questions. In this paper, we want to make it clear that you \emph{can} answer any causal inference question within the realm of probabilistic modelling and inference, without causal-specific tools or notation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate how causal questions can be tackled by writing down the probability of everything. Lastly, we reinterpret causal tools as emerging from standard probabilistic modelling and inference, elucidating their necessity and utility.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_23408
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probabilistic Modelling is Sufficient for Causal Inference
Mlodozeniec, Bruno
Krueger, David
Turner, Richard E.
Machine Learning
Methodology
Causal inference is a key research area in machine learning, yet confusion reigns over the tools needed to tackle it. There are prevalent claims in the machine learning literature that you need a bespoke causal framework or notation to answer causal questions. In this paper, we want to make it clear that you \emph{can} answer any causal inference question within the realm of probabilistic modelling and inference, without causal-specific tools or notation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate how causal questions can be tackled by writing down the probability of everything. Lastly, we reinterpret causal tools as emerging from standard probabilistic modelling and inference, elucidating their necessity and utility.
title Probabilistic Modelling is Sufficient for Causal Inference
topic Machine Learning
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23408