Frozen Neutron Stars in Four-Dimensional Non-polynomial Gravities
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912794171932672 |
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| author | Tan, Chen Wang, Yong-Qiang |
| author_facet | Tan, Chen Wang, Yong-Qiang |
| contents | This paper investigates the structure and properties of neutron stars in four-dimensional non-polynomial gravities. Solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for three different equations of state (BSk19, SLy4, AP4), we confirm that neutron star solutions remain in existence. As the modification parameter $α$ increases, neutron stars grow in both radius and mass. We find that, when the parameter $α$ is sufficiently large, a frozen state emerges at the end of the neutron-star sequence. In this state, the metric functions approach zero extremely close to the stellar surface, forming a critical horizon, making it nearly indistinguishable from a black hole to an external observer. Such a frozen neutron star constitutes a universal endpoint of the neutron-star sequence in this theory, independent of the choice of the equation of state. Based on our results and current observational constraints, we derive bounds on the modification parameter $α$ and show that frozen neutron stars remain allowed in the bounds. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_23525 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Frozen Neutron Stars in Four-Dimensional Non-polynomial Gravities Tan, Chen Wang, Yong-Qiang General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Theory This paper investigates the structure and properties of neutron stars in four-dimensional non-polynomial gravities. Solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for three different equations of state (BSk19, SLy4, AP4), we confirm that neutron star solutions remain in existence. As the modification parameter $α$ increases, neutron stars grow in both radius and mass. We find that, when the parameter $α$ is sufficiently large, a frozen state emerges at the end of the neutron-star sequence. In this state, the metric functions approach zero extremely close to the stellar surface, forming a critical horizon, making it nearly indistinguishable from a black hole to an external observer. Such a frozen neutron star constitutes a universal endpoint of the neutron-star sequence in this theory, independent of the choice of the equation of state. Based on our results and current observational constraints, we derive bounds on the modification parameter $α$ and show that frozen neutron stars remain allowed in the bounds. |
| title | Frozen Neutron Stars in Four-Dimensional Non-polynomial Gravities |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23525 |