A High-Order Spectral Element Solver for Steady-State Free Surface Flows

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Minniti, Simone, Visbech, Jens, Eskilsson, Claes, Parolini, Nicola, Engsig-Karup, Allan Peter
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866918265426542592
author Minniti, Simone
Visbech, Jens
Eskilsson, Claes
Parolini, Nicola
Engsig-Karup, Allan Peter
author_facet Minniti, Simone
Visbech, Jens
Eskilsson, Claes
Parolini, Nicola
Engsig-Karup, Allan Peter
contents We present a spectral element solver for the steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations subject to a free surface. Utilizing the kinematic behaviour of the free surface boundary, an iterative pseudo-time procedure is proposed to determine the a priori unknown free surface profile. The numerical model is implemented in the open-source finite element framework Firedrake, which enables the use of a high-order polynomial basis on unstructured meshes through weak formulations. Additionally, the curvature of the free surface and submerged bodies is incorporated through curvilinear elements obtained via transfinite linear blending, which conserves the high-order convergent properties of the overall scheme. The model is applied to several benchmark cases in two spatial dimensions. Initially, it addresses fixed-domain problems, including the lid-driven cavity flow and flows around bodies such as a cylinder and a NACA airfoil. Subsequently, with the presence of a free surface, it is extended to determine the flow around a bathymetry bump and a submerged NACA airfoil. The results confirm the high-order accuracy of the model through convergence studies and demonstrate a substantial speed-up over low-order numerical schemes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_23648
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A High-Order Spectral Element Solver for Steady-State Free Surface Flows
Minniti, Simone
Visbech, Jens
Eskilsson, Claes
Parolini, Nicola
Engsig-Karup, Allan Peter
Numerical Analysis
We present a spectral element solver for the steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations subject to a free surface. Utilizing the kinematic behaviour of the free surface boundary, an iterative pseudo-time procedure is proposed to determine the a priori unknown free surface profile. The numerical model is implemented in the open-source finite element framework Firedrake, which enables the use of a high-order polynomial basis on unstructured meshes through weak formulations. Additionally, the curvature of the free surface and submerged bodies is incorporated through curvilinear elements obtained via transfinite linear blending, which conserves the high-order convergent properties of the overall scheme. The model is applied to several benchmark cases in two spatial dimensions. Initially, it addresses fixed-domain problems, including the lid-driven cavity flow and flows around bodies such as a cylinder and a NACA airfoil. Subsequently, with the presence of a free surface, it is extended to determine the flow around a bathymetry bump and a submerged NACA airfoil. The results confirm the high-order accuracy of the model through convergence studies and demonstrate a substantial speed-up over low-order numerical schemes.
title A High-Order Spectral Element Solver for Steady-State Free Surface Flows
topic Numerical Analysis
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23648