Ordering-Independent Wheeler-DeWitt Equation for Flat Minisuperspace Models

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Main Authors: Franken, Victor, Kaimakkamis, Eftychios, Partouche, Hervé, Toumbas, Nicolaos
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Franken, Victor
Kaimakkamis, Eftychios
Partouche, Hervé
Toumbas, Nicolaos
author_facet Franken, Victor
Kaimakkamis, Eftychios
Partouche, Hervé
Toumbas, Nicolaos
contents We consider minisuperspace models with two-derivative kinetic terms, assuming a flat target space and a closed Universe. We show that, upon canonical quantization of the Hamiltonian, only a restricted class of operator orderings is compatible with the path-integral formulation. Remarkably, these orderings are physically equivalent to all orders in $\hbar$. More precisely, each choice of path-integral measure in the definition of the wavefunction path integral uniquely determines an operator ordering, and hence a corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt equation. These orderings are in one-to-one correspondence with the Jacobians arising from field redefinitions of a set of canonical fields. For each operator ordering consistent with a path-integral measure, we identify a positive definite Hilbert-space inner product. All such prescriptions define the same quantum theory, in the sense that they yield identical physical observables. We illustrate our formalism by applying it to de Sitter Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and to the Starobinsky model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_23656
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ordering-Independent Wheeler-DeWitt Equation for Flat Minisuperspace Models
Franken, Victor
Kaimakkamis, Eftychios
Partouche, Hervé
Toumbas, Nicolaos
High Energy Physics - Theory
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
We consider minisuperspace models with two-derivative kinetic terms, assuming a flat target space and a closed Universe. We show that, upon canonical quantization of the Hamiltonian, only a restricted class of operator orderings is compatible with the path-integral formulation. Remarkably, these orderings are physically equivalent to all orders in $\hbar$. More precisely, each choice of path-integral measure in the definition of the wavefunction path integral uniquely determines an operator ordering, and hence a corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt equation. These orderings are in one-to-one correspondence with the Jacobians arising from field redefinitions of a set of canonical fields. For each operator ordering consistent with a path-integral measure, we identify a positive definite Hilbert-space inner product. All such prescriptions define the same quantum theory, in the sense that they yield identical physical observables. We illustrate our formalism by applying it to de Sitter Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and to the Starobinsky model.
title Ordering-Independent Wheeler-DeWitt Equation for Flat Minisuperspace Models
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23656