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Main Authors: Nicolas, Rößler, Irfan, Khan, Thomas, Schade, Christoph, Wellmann, Xinyuan, Cao, Milan, Kopynske, Feihong, Xia, Rene, Savelsberg, Jakob, Andert
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24101
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author Nicolas, Rößler
Irfan, Khan
Thomas, Schade
Christoph, Wellmann
Xinyuan, Cao
Milan, Kopynske
Feihong, Xia
Rene, Savelsberg
Jakob, Andert
author_facet Nicolas, Rößler
Irfan, Khan
Thomas, Schade
Christoph, Wellmann
Xinyuan, Cao
Milan, Kopynske
Feihong, Xia
Rene, Savelsberg
Jakob, Andert
contents This paper investigates the economic and technical feasibility of integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology in the Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) sector. These often-idling assets, with their substantial battery capacities, present a unique opportunity to participate in energy markets, providing grid services and generating additional revenue. A novel methodology is introduced that integrates Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the energy infrastructure together with an operating strategy optimization to reduce the electricity costs while enhancing grid interaction. While the focus lies on the methodology, the financial opportunities for the use-case of an electric NRMM rental service will be presented. However, the study is limited by the availability of real-world data on the usage of electric NRMM and does not address regulatory challenges of V2G. Further research is needed to extend the model accuracy and validate these findings.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24101
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Economic and Technical Feasibility of V2G in Non-Road Mobile Machinery sector
Nicolas, Rößler
Irfan, Khan
Thomas, Schade
Christoph, Wellmann
Xinyuan, Cao
Milan, Kopynske
Feihong, Xia
Rene, Savelsberg
Jakob, Andert
Systems and Control
This paper investigates the economic and technical feasibility of integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology in the Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) sector. These often-idling assets, with their substantial battery capacities, present a unique opportunity to participate in energy markets, providing grid services and generating additional revenue. A novel methodology is introduced that integrates Bayesian Optimization (BO) to optimize the energy infrastructure together with an operating strategy optimization to reduce the electricity costs while enhancing grid interaction. While the focus lies on the methodology, the financial opportunities for the use-case of an electric NRMM rental service will be presented. However, the study is limited by the availability of real-world data on the usage of electric NRMM and does not address regulatory challenges of V2G. Further research is needed to extend the model accuracy and validate these findings.
title Economic and Technical Feasibility of V2G in Non-Road Mobile Machinery sector
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24101