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Autori principali: Ji, Zhouzheng, Sun, Pei, Xu, Xiaotian, Qiao, Yi, Cao, Junpeng, Yang, Wen-Li
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24182
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author Ji, Zhouzheng
Sun, Pei
Xu, Xiaotian
Qiao, Yi
Cao, Junpeng
Yang, Wen-Li
author_facet Ji, Zhouzheng
Sun, Pei
Xu, Xiaotian
Qiao, Yi
Cao, Junpeng
Yang, Wen-Li
contents The string hypothesis of Bethe roots is a cornerstone in the thermodynamic analysis of quantum integrable systems, since it connects root configurations with physical quantities such as the ground-state energy, surface energy and excitation spectra. For integrable models with \(U(1)\) symmetry, this connection is well established. When the \(U(1)\) symmetry is broken by generic non-diagonal boundary fields, however, the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz leads to an inhomogeneous \(T\text{--}Q\) relation whose Bethe roots have highly nontrivial distributions. This raises two fundamental questions: whether the zero roots and the ODBA Bethe roots still possess regular and classifiable structures in the large-size limit, and whether such structures can be used to extract physical quantities. In this work, we address these two questions for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with non-diagonal open boundaries. By combining tensor-network algorithms with Bethe-Ansatz techniques, we determine the zero-root and Bethe-root configurations associated with the \(Λ\text{--}θ\) relation and the inhomogeneous Bethe Ansatz equations for large system sizes, up to \(N\simeq 60\) and \(100\). We find that, despite the absence of \(U(1)\) symmetry, the roots exhibit well-organized patterns. The zero roots form bulk strings, boundary strings and additional roots, while the ODBA Bethe roots split into four geometric classes: regular roots, line roots, arc roots and paired-line roots.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24182
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tensor-Network Analysis of Root Patterns in the XXX Model with Open Boundaries
Ji, Zhouzheng
Sun, Pei
Xu, Xiaotian
Qiao, Yi
Cao, Junpeng
Yang, Wen-Li
Mathematical Physics
Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
The string hypothesis of Bethe roots is a cornerstone in the thermodynamic analysis of quantum integrable systems, since it connects root configurations with physical quantities such as the ground-state energy, surface energy and excitation spectra. For integrable models with \(U(1)\) symmetry, this connection is well established. When the \(U(1)\) symmetry is broken by generic non-diagonal boundary fields, however, the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz leads to an inhomogeneous \(T\text{--}Q\) relation whose Bethe roots have highly nontrivial distributions. This raises two fundamental questions: whether the zero roots and the ODBA Bethe roots still possess regular and classifiable structures in the large-size limit, and whether such structures can be used to extract physical quantities. In this work, we address these two questions for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with non-diagonal open boundaries. By combining tensor-network algorithms with Bethe-Ansatz techniques, we determine the zero-root and Bethe-root configurations associated with the \(Λ\text{--}θ\) relation and the inhomogeneous Bethe Ansatz equations for large system sizes, up to \(N\simeq 60\) and \(100\). We find that, despite the absence of \(U(1)\) symmetry, the roots exhibit well-organized patterns. The zero roots form bulk strings, boundary strings and additional roots, while the ODBA Bethe roots split into four geometric classes: regular roots, line roots, arc roots and paired-line roots.
title Tensor-Network Analysis of Root Patterns in the XXX Model with Open Boundaries
topic Mathematical Physics
Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24182