Sommerfeld Enhancement from Background Force and the Galactic Center GeV Excess
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866917177388433408 |
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| author | Cheng, Yu Ge, Shuailiang |
| author_facet | Cheng, Yu Ge, Shuailiang |
| contents | We study the impact of background-induced forces on dark matter (DM) annihilation and their implications for indirect detection. In the presence of a finite number density of background particles, loop-level interactions can generate an effective force that is significantly enhanced relative to the vacuum case. We construct a two-component DM model in which the dominant component is a fermionic particle $χ$ and the subdominant component is an ultralight pseudoscalar particle $ϕ$. The annihilation of $χ$ proceeds through the p-wave channel and produces gamma-ray emission. The finite density of $ϕ$ particles induces a background-enhanced force between $χ$ particles, leading to a sizable Sommerfeld enhancement of the annihilation. We show that a viable region of parameter space in this model can account for the gamma-ray excess observed in the Galactic Center using Fermi-LAT data. The background-induced force substantially amplifies the Sommerfeld enhancement and thus enlarges the parameter space capable of explaining the excess, highlighting the importance of background effects in astrophysical environments. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24188 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sommerfeld Enhancement from Background Force and the Galactic Center GeV Excess Cheng, Yu Ge, Shuailiang High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We study the impact of background-induced forces on dark matter (DM) annihilation and their implications for indirect detection. In the presence of a finite number density of background particles, loop-level interactions can generate an effective force that is significantly enhanced relative to the vacuum case. We construct a two-component DM model in which the dominant component is a fermionic particle $χ$ and the subdominant component is an ultralight pseudoscalar particle $ϕ$. The annihilation of $χ$ proceeds through the p-wave channel and produces gamma-ray emission. The finite density of $ϕ$ particles induces a background-enhanced force between $χ$ particles, leading to a sizable Sommerfeld enhancement of the annihilation. We show that a viable region of parameter space in this model can account for the gamma-ray excess observed in the Galactic Center using Fermi-LAT data. The background-induced force substantially amplifies the Sommerfeld enhancement and thus enlarges the parameter space capable of explaining the excess, highlighting the importance of background effects in astrophysical environments. |
| title | Sommerfeld Enhancement from Background Force and the Galactic Center GeV Excess |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24188 |