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Main Authors: Qu, Xingwei, Wang, Shaowen, Huang, Zihao, Hua, Kai, Yin, Fan, Zhu, Rui-Jie, Zhou, Jundong, Min, Qiyang, Wang, Zihao, Li, Yizhi, Zhang, Tianyu, Xing, He, Zhang, Zheng, Song, Yuxuan, Zheng, Tianyu, Zeng, Zhiyuan, Lin, Chenghua, Zhang, Ge, Huang, Wenhao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24617
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author Qu, Xingwei
Wang, Shaowen
Huang, Zihao
Hua, Kai
Yin, Fan
Zhu, Rui-Jie
Zhou, Jundong
Min, Qiyang
Wang, Zihao
Li, Yizhi
Zhang, Tianyu
Xing, He
Zhang, Zheng
Song, Yuxuan
Zheng, Tianyu
Zeng, Zhiyuan
Lin, Chenghua
Zhang, Ge
Huang, Wenhao
author_facet Qu, Xingwei
Wang, Shaowen
Huang, Zihao
Hua, Kai
Yin, Fan
Zhu, Rui-Jie
Zhou, Jundong
Min, Qiyang
Wang, Zihao
Li, Yizhi
Zhang, Tianyu
Xing, He
Zhang, Zheng
Song, Yuxuan
Zheng, Tianyu
Zeng, Zhiyuan
Lin, Chenghua
Zhang, Ge
Huang, Wenhao
contents Large Language Models (LLMs) apply uniform computation to all tokens, despite language exhibiting highly non-uniform information density. This token-uniform regime wastes capacity on locally predictable spans while under-allocating computation to semantically critical transitions. We propose $\textbf{Dynamic Large Concept Models (DLCM)}$, a hierarchical language modeling framework that learns semantic boundaries from latent representations and shifts computation from tokens to a compressed concept space where reasoning is more efficient. DLCM discovers variable-length concepts end-to-end without relying on predefined linguistic units. Hierarchical compression fundamentally changes scaling behavior. We introduce the first $\textbf{compression-aware scaling law}$, which disentangles token-level capacity, concept-level reasoning capacity, and compression ratio, enabling principled compute allocation under fixed FLOPs. To stably train this heterogeneous architecture, we further develop a $\textbf{decoupled $μ$P parametrization}$ that supports zero-shot hyperparameter transfer across widths and compression regimes. At a practical setting ($R=4$, corresponding to an average of four tokens per concept), DLCM reallocates roughly one-third of inference compute into a higher-capacity reasoning backbone, achieving a $\textbf{+2.69$\%$ average improvement}$ across 12 zero-shot benchmarks under matched inference FLOPs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24617
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamic Large Concept Models: Latent Reasoning in an Adaptive Semantic Space
Qu, Xingwei
Wang, Shaowen
Huang, Zihao
Hua, Kai
Yin, Fan
Zhu, Rui-Jie
Zhou, Jundong
Min, Qiyang
Wang, Zihao
Li, Yizhi
Zhang, Tianyu
Xing, He
Zhang, Zheng
Song, Yuxuan
Zheng, Tianyu
Zeng, Zhiyuan
Lin, Chenghua
Zhang, Ge
Huang, Wenhao
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Large Language Models (LLMs) apply uniform computation to all tokens, despite language exhibiting highly non-uniform information density. This token-uniform regime wastes capacity on locally predictable spans while under-allocating computation to semantically critical transitions. We propose $\textbf{Dynamic Large Concept Models (DLCM)}$, a hierarchical language modeling framework that learns semantic boundaries from latent representations and shifts computation from tokens to a compressed concept space where reasoning is more efficient. DLCM discovers variable-length concepts end-to-end without relying on predefined linguistic units. Hierarchical compression fundamentally changes scaling behavior. We introduce the first $\textbf{compression-aware scaling law}$, which disentangles token-level capacity, concept-level reasoning capacity, and compression ratio, enabling principled compute allocation under fixed FLOPs. To stably train this heterogeneous architecture, we further develop a $\textbf{decoupled $μ$P parametrization}$ that supports zero-shot hyperparameter transfer across widths and compression regimes. At a practical setting ($R=4$, corresponding to an average of four tokens per concept), DLCM reallocates roughly one-third of inference compute into a higher-capacity reasoning backbone, achieving a $\textbf{+2.69$\%$ average improvement}$ across 12 zero-shot benchmarks under matched inference FLOPs.
title Dynamic Large Concept Models: Latent Reasoning in an Adaptive Semantic Space
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24617