Rational Angle Bisection Problem in Higher Dimensional Spaces and Incenters of Simplices over Fields

Fuente: arXiv
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Autor principal: Hirotsu, Takashi
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Hirotsu, Takashi
author_facet Hirotsu, Takashi
contents In this article, we generalize the following problem, which is called the rational angle bisection problem, to the $n$-dimensional space $k^n$ over a subfield $k$ of $\mathbb R$: in the coordinate plane, for which rational numbers $a$ and $b$ are the slopes of the angle bisectors between the two lines with slopes $a$ and $b$ rational? First, we provide several characterizations of when the angle bisectors between two lines with direction vectors in $k^n$ have direction vectors in $k^n.$ To find solutions to the problem in the case when $k = \mathbb Q,$ we derive a formula for the integral solutions of $x_1{}^2+\dots +x_n{}^2 = dx_{n+1}{}^2,$ which is a generalization of negative Pell's equation $x^2-dy^2 = -1,$ where $d$ is a square-free positive integer. Second, by applying the above characterizations, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the incenter of a given $n$-simplex with $k$-rational vertices to be $k$-rational. In the coordinate plane, we prove that every triangle with $k$-rational vertices and incenter can be obtained by scaling a triangle with $k$-rational side lengths and area, which is a generalization of a Heronian triangle. We also discuss certain fundamental properties of a few centers of a given triangle with $k$-rational vertices.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24660
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Rational Angle Bisection Problem in Higher Dimensional Spaces and Incenters of Simplices over Fields
Hirotsu, Takashi
Number Theory
Metric Geometry
11D09 (Primary) 51N20, 51M16 (Secondary)
In this article, we generalize the following problem, which is called the rational angle bisection problem, to the $n$-dimensional space $k^n$ over a subfield $k$ of $\mathbb R$: in the coordinate plane, for which rational numbers $a$ and $b$ are the slopes of the angle bisectors between the two lines with slopes $a$ and $b$ rational? First, we provide several characterizations of when the angle bisectors between two lines with direction vectors in $k^n$ have direction vectors in $k^n.$ To find solutions to the problem in the case when $k = \mathbb Q,$ we derive a formula for the integral solutions of $x_1{}^2+\dots +x_n{}^2 = dx_{n+1}{}^2,$ which is a generalization of negative Pell's equation $x^2-dy^2 = -1,$ where $d$ is a square-free positive integer. Second, by applying the above characterizations, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the incenter of a given $n$-simplex with $k$-rational vertices to be $k$-rational. In the coordinate plane, we prove that every triangle with $k$-rational vertices and incenter can be obtained by scaling a triangle with $k$-rational side lengths and area, which is a generalization of a Heronian triangle. We also discuss certain fundamental properties of a few centers of a given triangle with $k$-rational vertices.
title Rational Angle Bisection Problem in Higher Dimensional Spaces and Incenters of Simplices over Fields
topic Number Theory
Metric Geometry
11D09 (Primary) 51N20, 51M16 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24660