Discovery of a galaxy associated with the HI cloud FAST J0139+4328

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Hauptverfasser: Mitrašinović, Ana, Grozdanović, Marko, Lalović, Ana, Jovanović, Milena, Bilek, Michal, Pavlov, Nataša, Moiseev, Alexei V., Oparin, Dmitry V.
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Mitrašinović, Ana
Grozdanović, Marko
Lalović, Ana
Jovanović, Milena
Bilek, Michal
Pavlov, Nataša
Moiseev, Alexei V.
Oparin, Dmitry V.
author_facet Mitrašinović, Ana
Grozdanović, Marko
Lalović, Ana
Jovanović, Milena
Bilek, Michal
Pavlov, Nataša
Moiseev, Alexei V.
Oparin, Dmitry V.
contents The search for ``dark galaxies,'' a key prediction of the lambda cold dark matter, has yielded few viable candidates. Recently, FAST J0139+4328 was reported as the first isolated dark galaxy in the nearby universe, based on a neutral hydrogen (HI) detection and a non-detection in the Pan-STARRS1 survey. To verify the nature of this candidate, we obtained deep optical imaging, using the $1.4\,\mathrm{m}$ \textit{Milanković} and $0.6\,\mathrm{m}$ \textit{Nedeljković} telescopes, and spectroscopic follow-up of the field. We report the unambiguous discovery of a low-surface-brightness (LSB) optical counterpart at the location of the HI cloud. Furthermore, the detection of H$α$ emission via the $6\,\mathrm{m}$ Big Telescope Alt-Azimuthal (BTA) confirms that the stellar system lies at a redshift consistent with the HI source, establishing their physical association. Through detailed photometry and employing color-dependent mass-to-light scaling relations, we derive a total stellar mass of $M_\star = (7.2 \pm 3.7) \times 10^6\, M_{\odot}$, about an order of magnitude higher than the previously estimated upper limit. Using the literature HI mass, this implies a gas-to-stellar mass ratio of $M_{\mathrm{HI}} / M_{\star} = 11.5 \pm 6.4$. Our findings demonstrate that FAST J0139+4328 is not a dark galaxy but an extremely gas-rich LSB dwarf galaxy, whose stellar component was simply below the detection limit of the Pan-STARRS1 survey. This reclassification resolves the status of this prominent dark galaxy candidate and underscores the necessity of deep optical follow-up to classify faint HI-selected systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_24924
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Discovery of a galaxy associated with the HI cloud FAST J0139+4328
Mitrašinović, Ana
Grozdanović, Marko
Lalović, Ana
Jovanović, Milena
Bilek, Michal
Pavlov, Nataša
Moiseev, Alexei V.
Oparin, Dmitry V.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The search for ``dark galaxies,'' a key prediction of the lambda cold dark matter, has yielded few viable candidates. Recently, FAST J0139+4328 was reported as the first isolated dark galaxy in the nearby universe, based on a neutral hydrogen (HI) detection and a non-detection in the Pan-STARRS1 survey. To verify the nature of this candidate, we obtained deep optical imaging, using the $1.4\,\mathrm{m}$ \textit{Milanković} and $0.6\,\mathrm{m}$ \textit{Nedeljković} telescopes, and spectroscopic follow-up of the field. We report the unambiguous discovery of a low-surface-brightness (LSB) optical counterpart at the location of the HI cloud. Furthermore, the detection of H$α$ emission via the $6\,\mathrm{m}$ Big Telescope Alt-Azimuthal (BTA) confirms that the stellar system lies at a redshift consistent with the HI source, establishing their physical association. Through detailed photometry and employing color-dependent mass-to-light scaling relations, we derive a total stellar mass of $M_\star = (7.2 \pm 3.7) \times 10^6\, M_{\odot}$, about an order of magnitude higher than the previously estimated upper limit. Using the literature HI mass, this implies a gas-to-stellar mass ratio of $M_{\mathrm{HI}} / M_{\star} = 11.5 \pm 6.4$. Our findings demonstrate that FAST J0139+4328 is not a dark galaxy but an extremely gas-rich LSB dwarf galaxy, whose stellar component was simply below the detection limit of the Pan-STARRS1 survey. This reclassification resolves the status of this prominent dark galaxy candidate and underscores the necessity of deep optical follow-up to classify faint HI-selected systems.
title Discovery of a galaxy associated with the HI cloud FAST J0139+4328
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24924