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Auteurs principaux: Chen, Yikai, Mao, Yunxin, Zheng, Chunyuan, Zou, Hao, Gu, Shanzhi, Liu, Shixuan, Shi, Yang, Yang, Wenjing, Kuang, Kun, Wang, Haotian
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00200
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author Chen, Yikai
Mao, Yunxin
Zheng, Chunyuan
Zou, Hao
Gu, Shanzhi
Liu, Shixuan
Shi, Yang
Yang, Wenjing
Kuang, Kun
Wang, Haotian
author_facet Chen, Yikai
Mao, Yunxin
Zheng, Chunyuan
Zou, Hao
Gu, Shanzhi
Liu, Shixuan
Shi, Yang
Yang, Wenjing
Kuang, Kun
Wang, Haotian
contents Detecting unobserved confounders is crucial for reliable causal inference in observational studies. Existing methods require either linearity assumptions or multiple heterogeneous environments, limiting applicability to nonlinear single-environment settings. To bridge this gap, we propose Kernel Regression Confounder Detection (KRCD), a novel method for detecting unobserved confounding in nonlinear observational data under single-environment conditions. KRCD leverages reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces to model complex dependencies. By comparing standard and higherorder kernel regressions, we derive a test statistic whose significant deviation from zero indicates unobserved confounding. Theoretically, we prove two key results: First, in infinite samples, regression coefficients coincide if and only if no unobserved confounders exist. Second, finite-sample differences converge to zero-mean Gaussian distributions with tractable variance. Extensive experiments on synthetic benchmarks and the Twins dataset demonstrate that KRCD not only outperforms existing baselines but also achieves superior computational efficiency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_00200
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Detecting Unobserved Confounders: A Kernelized Regression Approach
Chen, Yikai
Mao, Yunxin
Zheng, Chunyuan
Zou, Hao
Gu, Shanzhi
Liu, Shixuan
Shi, Yang
Yang, Wenjing
Kuang, Kun
Wang, Haotian
Machine Learning
Detecting unobserved confounders is crucial for reliable causal inference in observational studies. Existing methods require either linearity assumptions or multiple heterogeneous environments, limiting applicability to nonlinear single-environment settings. To bridge this gap, we propose Kernel Regression Confounder Detection (KRCD), a novel method for detecting unobserved confounding in nonlinear observational data under single-environment conditions. KRCD leverages reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces to model complex dependencies. By comparing standard and higherorder kernel regressions, we derive a test statistic whose significant deviation from zero indicates unobserved confounding. Theoretically, we prove two key results: First, in infinite samples, regression coefficients coincide if and only if no unobserved confounders exist. Second, finite-sample differences converge to zero-mean Gaussian distributions with tractable variance. Extensive experiments on synthetic benchmarks and the Twins dataset demonstrate that KRCD not only outperforms existing baselines but also achieves superior computational efficiency.
title Detecting Unobserved Confounders: A Kernelized Regression Approach
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00200