Neural Minimum Weight Perfect Matching for Quantum Error Codes

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Peled, Yotam, Zenati, David, Nachmani, Eliya
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Peled, Yotam
Zenati, David
Nachmani, Eliya
author_facet Peled, Yotam
Zenati, David
Nachmani, Eliya
contents Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires Quantum Error Correction (QEC). QEC reduces error rates by encoding logical information across redundant physical qubits, enabling errors to be detected and corrected. A common decoder used for this task is Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) a graph-based algorithm that relies on edge weights to identify the most likely error chains. In this work, we propose a data-driven decoder named Neural Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (NMWPM). Our decoder utilizes a hybrid architecture that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to extract local syndrome features and Transformers to capture long-range global dependencies, which are then used to predict dynamic edge weights for the MWPM decoder. To facilitate training through the non-differentiable MWPM algorithm, we formulate a novel proxy loss function that enables end-to-end optimization. Our findings demonstrate significant performance reduction in the Logical Error Rate (LER) over standard baselines, highlighting the advantage of hybrid decoders that combine the predictive capabilities of neural networks with the algorithmic structure of classical matching.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_00242
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neural Minimum Weight Perfect Matching for Quantum Error Codes
Peled, Yotam
Zenati, David
Nachmani, Eliya
Quantum Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Information Theory
Machine Learning
Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires Quantum Error Correction (QEC). QEC reduces error rates by encoding logical information across redundant physical qubits, enabling errors to be detected and corrected. A common decoder used for this task is Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) a graph-based algorithm that relies on edge weights to identify the most likely error chains. In this work, we propose a data-driven decoder named Neural Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (NMWPM). Our decoder utilizes a hybrid architecture that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to extract local syndrome features and Transformers to capture long-range global dependencies, which are then used to predict dynamic edge weights for the MWPM decoder. To facilitate training through the non-differentiable MWPM algorithm, we formulate a novel proxy loss function that enables end-to-end optimization. Our findings demonstrate significant performance reduction in the Logical Error Rate (LER) over standard baselines, highlighting the advantage of hybrid decoders that combine the predictive capabilities of neural networks with the algorithmic structure of classical matching.
title Neural Minimum Weight Perfect Matching for Quantum Error Codes
topic Quantum Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Information Theory
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00242