Massless graviton in de Sitter as second sound in two-fluid hydrodynamics

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1. Verfasser: Volovik, G. E.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Volovik, G. E.
author_facet Volovik, G. E.
contents The concept of gravitons and their masses, clear in the case of Minkowski spacetime, remains ambiguous for de Sitter spacetime. Here, we used a two-fluid approach to de Sitter thermodynamics and found a collective mode that is analogous to second sound in the two-fluid dynamics of the de Sitter state. This mode is massless and propagates at the speed of light. This suggests that this second-sound analog is a massless graviton propagating in de Sitter spacetime. The type of graviton this mode represents requires further consideration.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_00639
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Massless graviton in de Sitter as second sound in two-fluid hydrodynamics
Volovik, G. E.
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Other Condensed Matter
The concept of gravitons and their masses, clear in the case of Minkowski spacetime, remains ambiguous for de Sitter spacetime. Here, we used a two-fluid approach to de Sitter thermodynamics and found a collective mode that is analogous to second sound in the two-fluid dynamics of the de Sitter state. This mode is massless and propagates at the speed of light. This suggests that this second-sound analog is a massless graviton propagating in de Sitter spacetime. The type of graviton this mode represents requires further consideration.
title Massless graviton in de Sitter as second sound in two-fluid hydrodynamics
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Other Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00639