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Main Authors: Heimig-Elschner, Tobias, Du, Changyu, Scheuvens, Anna, Borrmann, André, Beetz, Jakob
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00809
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author Heimig-Elschner, Tobias
Du, Changyu
Scheuvens, Anna
Borrmann, André
Beetz, Jakob
author_facet Heimig-Elschner, Tobias
Du, Changyu
Scheuvens, Anna
Borrmann, André
Beetz, Jakob
contents Agentic workflows driven by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to Building Information Modelling (BIM), enabling natural-language retrieval, modification and generation of IFC models. Recent work has begun adopting the emerging Model Context Protocol (MCP) as a uniform tool-calling interface for LLMs, simplifying the agent side of BIM interaction. While MCP standardises how LLMs invoke tools, current BIM-side implementations are still authoring tool-specific and ad hoc, limiting reuse, evaluation, and workflow portability across environments. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a modular reference architecture for MCP servers that enables API-agnostic, isolated and reproducible agentic BIM interactions. From a systematic analysis of recurring capabilities in recent literature, we derive a core set of requirements. These inform a microservice architecture centred on an explicit adapter contract that decouples the MCP interface from specific BIM-APIs. A prototype implementation using IfcOpenShell demonstrates feasibility across common modification and generation tasks. Evaluation across representative scenarios shows that the architecture enables reliable workflows, reduces coupling, and provides a reusable foundation for systematic research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_00809
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Modular Reference Architecture for MCP-Servers Enabling Agentic BIM Interaction
Heimig-Elschner, Tobias
Du, Changyu
Scheuvens, Anna
Borrmann, André
Beetz, Jakob
Other Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
Agentic workflows driven by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to Building Information Modelling (BIM), enabling natural-language retrieval, modification and generation of IFC models. Recent work has begun adopting the emerging Model Context Protocol (MCP) as a uniform tool-calling interface for LLMs, simplifying the agent side of BIM interaction. While MCP standardises how LLMs invoke tools, current BIM-side implementations are still authoring tool-specific and ad hoc, limiting reuse, evaluation, and workflow portability across environments. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a modular reference architecture for MCP servers that enables API-agnostic, isolated and reproducible agentic BIM interactions. From a systematic analysis of recurring capabilities in recent literature, we derive a core set of requirements. These inform a microservice architecture centred on an explicit adapter contract that decouples the MCP interface from specific BIM-APIs. A prototype implementation using IfcOpenShell demonstrates feasibility across common modification and generation tasks. Evaluation across representative scenarios shows that the architecture enables reliable workflows, reduces coupling, and provides a reusable foundation for systematic research.
title A Modular Reference Architecture for MCP-Servers Enabling Agentic BIM Interaction
topic Other Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00809