Arca: A Lightweight Confidential Container Architecture for Cloud-Native Environments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lu, Di, Sun, Mengna, Zhang, Qingwen, Liu, Yujia, Zhang, Jia, Dong, Xuewen, Shen, Yulong, Ma, Jianfeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Lu, Di
Sun, Mengna
Zhang, Qingwen
Liu, Yujia
Zhang, Jia
Dong, Xuewen
Shen, Yulong
Ma, Jianfeng
author_facet Lu, Di
Sun, Mengna
Zhang, Qingwen
Liu, Yujia
Zhang, Jia
Dong, Xuewen
Shen, Yulong
Ma, Jianfeng
contents Confidential containers protect cloud-native workloads using trusted execution environments (TEEs). However, existing Container-in-TEE designs (e.g., Confidential Containers (CoCo)) encapsulate the entire runtime within the TEE, inflating the trusted computing base (TCB) and introducing redundant components and cross-layer overhead. We present Arca, a lightweight confidential container framework based on a TEE-in-Container architecture that isolates each workload in an independent, hardware-enforced trust domain while keeping orchestration logic outside the TEE. This design minimizes inter-layer dependencies, confines compromise to per-container boundaries, and restores the TEE's minimal trust principle. We implemented Arca on Intel SGX, Intel TDX, and AMD SEV. Experimental results show that Arca achieves near-native performance and outperforms CoCo in most benchmarks, while the reduced TCB significantly improves verifiability and resilience against host-level compromise. Arca emonstrates that efficient container management and strong runtime confidentiality can be achieved without sacrificing security assurance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01214
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Arca: A Lightweight Confidential Container Architecture for Cloud-Native Environments
Lu, Di
Sun, Mengna
Zhang, Qingwen
Liu, Yujia
Zhang, Jia
Dong, Xuewen
Shen, Yulong
Ma, Jianfeng
Cryptography and Security
Confidential containers protect cloud-native workloads using trusted execution environments (TEEs). However, existing Container-in-TEE designs (e.g., Confidential Containers (CoCo)) encapsulate the entire runtime within the TEE, inflating the trusted computing base (TCB) and introducing redundant components and cross-layer overhead. We present Arca, a lightweight confidential container framework based on a TEE-in-Container architecture that isolates each workload in an independent, hardware-enforced trust domain while keeping orchestration logic outside the TEE. This design minimizes inter-layer dependencies, confines compromise to per-container boundaries, and restores the TEE's minimal trust principle. We implemented Arca on Intel SGX, Intel TDX, and AMD SEV. Experimental results show that Arca achieves near-native performance and outperforms CoCo in most benchmarks, while the reduced TCB significantly improves verifiability and resilience against host-level compromise. Arca emonstrates that efficient container management and strong runtime confidentiality can be achieved without sacrificing security assurance.
title Arca: A Lightweight Confidential Container Architecture for Cloud-Native Environments
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01214