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Auteurs principaux: Song, Yong, Fu, Jiaqi, Cen, Yiting
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01451
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author Song, Yong
Fu, Jiaqi
Cen, Yiting
author_facet Song, Yong
Fu, Jiaqi
Cen, Yiting
contents The photon sphere, a hypersurface of null circular geodesics, plays a fundamental role in characterizing black hole spacetimes, influencing phenomena such as black hole shadows, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes. In this work, we derive both upper and lower bounds on the photon sphere radius for static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes within $n$-dimensional Einstein gravity ($n\ge 4$), assuming an anisotropic matter field satisfying the weak energy condition and a non-positive trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For the upper bound, we obtain $r_γ\le [(n-1)M]^{\frac{1}{n-3}}$, where $M$ is the ADM mass. In the four-dimensional case ($n=4$), this reduces to $r_γ\le 3M$, in agreement with previous results. For the lower bound, under the additional assumption that $|r^{n-1}p_r(r)|$ is monotonically decreasing, we prove $r_γ\ge (\frac{n-1}{2})^{1/(n-3)}r_H$, where $r_H$ is the radius of the outer event horizon; for $n=4$ this gives $r_γ\ge \frac{3}{2}r_H$, also consistent with previous four-dimensional result. These results provide dimension-dependent geometric constraints that generalize well-known four-dimensional bounds to a specific class of higher-dimensional black holes (described by a Tangherlini-type metric) and deepen our understanding of spacetime structure in higher-dimensional gravitational theories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01451
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bounds on the photon sphere radius for spherically symmetric black holes in n-dimensional Einstein gravity
Song, Yong
Fu, Jiaqi
Cen, Yiting
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
The photon sphere, a hypersurface of null circular geodesics, plays a fundamental role in characterizing black hole spacetimes, influencing phenomena such as black hole shadows, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes. In this work, we derive both upper and lower bounds on the photon sphere radius for static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes within $n$-dimensional Einstein gravity ($n\ge 4$), assuming an anisotropic matter field satisfying the weak energy condition and a non-positive trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For the upper bound, we obtain $r_γ\le [(n-1)M]^{\frac{1}{n-3}}$, where $M$ is the ADM mass. In the four-dimensional case ($n=4$), this reduces to $r_γ\le 3M$, in agreement with previous results. For the lower bound, under the additional assumption that $|r^{n-1}p_r(r)|$ is monotonically decreasing, we prove $r_γ\ge (\frac{n-1}{2})^{1/(n-3)}r_H$, where $r_H$ is the radius of the outer event horizon; for $n=4$ this gives $r_γ\ge \frac{3}{2}r_H$, also consistent with previous four-dimensional result. These results provide dimension-dependent geometric constraints that generalize well-known four-dimensional bounds to a specific class of higher-dimensional black holes (described by a Tangherlini-type metric) and deepen our understanding of spacetime structure in higher-dimensional gravitational theories.
title Bounds on the photon sphere radius for spherically symmetric black holes in n-dimensional Einstein gravity
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01451