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Main Authors: Lorenzi, Francesco, Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina, Salasnich, Luca
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01635
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author Lorenzi, Francesco
Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina
Salasnich, Luca
author_facet Lorenzi, Francesco
Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina
Salasnich, Luca
contents Optical cavities with moving mirrors provide a versatile platform for exploring radiation-matter interactions and optically mediated mechanical effects, whose control has wide technological implications. However, capturing the coupled dynamics of the electromagnetic field and of the mirror within a consistent theoretical framework remains challenging. We analyze the problem of the coupling between classical electromagnetic fields in a cavity and a movable mirror, considering both nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes of motion. Starting from the equations of motion for a mirror subject to a generic external potential, we provide a variational formulation of the mirror-radiation interaction. Within this framework, a single-mode variational approximation is introduced, which captures the essential dynamical features of the coupled system. In the special case of a mirror undergoing free motion, the variational method yields an exact solution. This unified treatment highlights the connection between different dynamical regimes and provides a basis for analyzing applications ranging from precision interferometry to relativistic radiation-pressure effects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01635
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Variational treatment of the electromagnetic field in an optical cavity with a moving mirror
Lorenzi, Francesco
Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina
Salasnich, Luca
Optics
Optical cavities with moving mirrors provide a versatile platform for exploring radiation-matter interactions and optically mediated mechanical effects, whose control has wide technological implications. However, capturing the coupled dynamics of the electromagnetic field and of the mirror within a consistent theoretical framework remains challenging. We analyze the problem of the coupling between classical electromagnetic fields in a cavity and a movable mirror, considering both nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes of motion. Starting from the equations of motion for a mirror subject to a generic external potential, we provide a variational formulation of the mirror-radiation interaction. Within this framework, a single-mode variational approximation is introduced, which captures the essential dynamical features of the coupled system. In the special case of a mirror undergoing free motion, the variational method yields an exact solution. This unified treatment highlights the connection between different dynamical regimes and provides a basis for analyzing applications ranging from precision interferometry to relativistic radiation-pressure effects.
title Variational treatment of the electromagnetic field in an optical cavity with a moving mirror
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01635