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Main Authors: Liu, Honghui, Jiang, Jiachen, Ingram, Adam, Bambi, Cosimo, Fabian, Andrew C., Farinelli, Ruben, Ludlam, Renee, Degenaar, Nathalie, Podgorny, Jakub, Santangelo, Andrea, Steiner, James F., Young, Andrew J., Zhang, Zuobin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01669
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author Liu, Honghui
Jiang, Jiachen
Ingram, Adam
Bambi, Cosimo
Fabian, Andrew C.
Farinelli, Ruben
Ludlam, Renee
Degenaar, Nathalie
Podgorny, Jakub
Santangelo, Andrea
Steiner, James F.
Young, Andrew J.
Zhang, Zuobin
author_facet Liu, Honghui
Jiang, Jiachen
Ingram, Adam
Bambi, Cosimo
Fabian, Andrew C.
Farinelli, Ruben
Ludlam, Renee
Degenaar, Nathalie
Podgorny, Jakub
Santangelo, Andrea
Steiner, James F.
Young, Andrew J.
Zhang, Zuobin
contents We present a spectro-polarimetric re-analysis of the first IXPE observation of Cygnus X-2 which we determine to be mainly in the normal branch, from quasi-simultaneous observations with NuSTAR, NICER, and INTEGRAL. We measure the hard X-ray polarization angle and find it to be consistent with the previously measured position angle of the radio jet. Leveraging NuSTAR's detection of both the relativistic Fe K emission line and the Compton hump, we constrain the flux contribution of the reflected emission from the inner accretion disk to be 10% of the total X-ray flux in the IXPE energy band. Unlike previous studies that modeled only the Fe K emission line, we fit the full-band reflection spectrum using a fully relativistic disk model. There is strong degeneracy between the Comptonized and reflection components. Given that the Comptonized component is not expected to be highly polarized, a polarization degree of approximately 20% for the reflection component could explain the X-ray polarization data from IXPE. We also discuss the disk inclination angle inferred from our spectro-polarimetric modeling, as well as other possible explanations for the data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01669
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Decoding Cygnus X-2: The Critical Role of Reflection in IXPE Data
Liu, Honghui
Jiang, Jiachen
Ingram, Adam
Bambi, Cosimo
Fabian, Andrew C.
Farinelli, Ruben
Ludlam, Renee
Degenaar, Nathalie
Podgorny, Jakub
Santangelo, Andrea
Steiner, James F.
Young, Andrew J.
Zhang, Zuobin
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We present a spectro-polarimetric re-analysis of the first IXPE observation of Cygnus X-2 which we determine to be mainly in the normal branch, from quasi-simultaneous observations with NuSTAR, NICER, and INTEGRAL. We measure the hard X-ray polarization angle and find it to be consistent with the previously measured position angle of the radio jet. Leveraging NuSTAR's detection of both the relativistic Fe K emission line and the Compton hump, we constrain the flux contribution of the reflected emission from the inner accretion disk to be 10% of the total X-ray flux in the IXPE energy band. Unlike previous studies that modeled only the Fe K emission line, we fit the full-band reflection spectrum using a fully relativistic disk model. There is strong degeneracy between the Comptonized and reflection components. Given that the Comptonized component is not expected to be highly polarized, a polarization degree of approximately 20% for the reflection component could explain the X-ray polarization data from IXPE. We also discuss the disk inclination angle inferred from our spectro-polarimetric modeling, as well as other possible explanations for the data.
title Decoding Cygnus X-2: The Critical Role of Reflection in IXPE Data
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01669